Classification of Plants 255 



as it ripens. Tiie style comes from the base instead of 

 the top of the carpels. When ripe the fruit separates into 

 four nuts. The order may be recognized by the four nuts in 

 the persistent calyx, the square stem, opposite and decussate 

 leaves, and strong odour, due to oil 

 secreted in hairs on the stem and leaves. 

 The main stem continues growing, but 

 the branches are tipped by a flower. 



There are 8 Eastern genera in which the fila- 

 ments bend to the lower side of the flower. In 

 the genera in which the lower lip serves for a 

 landing-place for bees the filaments arch toward 



the upper petals. 



Fig. 258. — Floral diagram 



In Mentha (the Mints) the corolla t^^t^ ^ MTiofh?: 

 is nearly regular, and the four stamens '' Elementary Botany for 



■' ° ' South Africa. ') 



spread equally around the flower. 



Salvia. — Corolla large, the upper lip sheltering the stamens 

 and stigma. Stamens 2, T-shaped, with short filaments and 

 a long connective hinged to the filament near the centre. In 

 South African Salvias, the half anther on the lower end of the 

 connective bears no pollen. (See p. 129.) 



The Blue Sage (Salvia Africana) is common throughout the western 

 part of the Colony. 



Stachys. — Stamens 2, anthers 2-celled. Upper lip of 

 the corolla spreading, lower longer. Herbs or shrubs with 

 a disagreeable odour. 



Leonotis. — Calyx lo-toothed, upper tooth larger. Corolla 

 tube much longer than the calyx ; upper lip long, curved, lower 

 short, spreading, 3-lobed. Stamens 4. Anthers in pairs, 

 2-celled. Herbs or half shrubs, with bright scarlet or orange 

 flowers. Z. leonorus (Wild Dagga) leaves are smoked by 

 natives. 



Order Boraginace^. 



The deeply 4-parted ovary and the more or less irregular 

 flower, suggests the order Labiateae. The flowers of this 

 order are not so distinctly 2-lipped. The leaves are usually 



