264 Plants and their Ways in South Africa 



flowers, or marked with red. Often sweetly scented. The 

 berry is very hard. 



AA. Fruit a 2-ceUed capsule — 



Hedyotis. — Corolla with a slender tube and spreading 

 4- or 5-parted limb. Capsule crowned with the calyx, dehiscing 

 at the top. Small herbs with ovate lanceolate or linear 

 leaves and bristle-like stipules. 



AAA. Fruit nearly dry, of 2-6 nut-like parts — 



Hydrophyllax. — Glabrous, creeping fleshy herbs, growing 

 by the sea, with stipules and leaves united, forming a cup. 



AAAA. Fruit 2-parted or 2-celled — 



Galopina. — Flowers often dioecious or imperfect and 

 perfect on the same plant. 



Galium. — Corolla 4-parted. Fruit dry, separating into 

 two T -seeded carpels. Branching, erect or spreading herbs, 

 supported by hooks on the stem and leaves. Flowers white 

 or greenish. Leaves 4 or many in a whorl. The enlarged 

 stipules, united in pairs, make a whorl of 4. If each stipule 

 is divided there is a whorl of 12. 



Order CAMPANULACE^f:. 



Flowers regular or irregular. Sepals not meeting in the 

 bud. Corolla valvate- Stamens 5, free from the corolla. 

 Anthers 5, free or united. Ovary inferior, 2-5 -celled. Axile 

 placentation and many ovules. Style simple, stigmas as many 

 as the carpels. Fruit a capsule or berry. 



The flowers are very protandrous, and the style has the pollen shed 

 upon it, where it is held by a ring of hairs just below the stigma. In many 

 cases the stigmas turn back and touch the pollen of tlieir own flowers, and 

 so self-fertilization results. 



A. Corolla irregular with a split tube ; anthers united — 

 Lobelia. — The flowers are twisted on their axis so that 

 the odd sepal is at the back, and three petals form the lower 

 lip. The two lower or all the anthers are bearded. 



Weak hert)s or small shrubs, with alternate toothed leaves and blue 

 or violet flowers. 



