296 



INDEX 



Prisiis, antiquity of, 9; description of, 

 91 (Figs. 98 and 98 /i); affinities 

 of, 96-98 (Fig. 103). 



Pristiurus, larval development of, 215, 

 216 (Fig. 284). 



Protocercy, 35. 



Protopterus, swim-bladder of, 22 (Fig. 

 18); anatomy of, n6 (Fig. 121); 

 paired fin structure, 118 (Fig. 122), 

 119; jaws and skull, 119 (Fig. 

 122 A); account of, 126 (Fig. 

 129^); Coccosteus compared with, 

 131 ; heart, conus and bulbus arte- 

 riosus, 285 (Fig. 325); comparison 

 tables of heart, etc., 260 ; gills, 

 spiracle, gill rakers, and opercula, 

 tables, 261 ; digestive tract, tables, 

 262 (Fig. 329), 263; swim-bladder, 

 tables, 264, 265 (Fig. 18); circula- 

 tion in, tables, 269; excretory sys- 

 tem and urinogenital ducts, 270; 

 abdominal pores, 271; brain of, 273 

 (Fig. 343) ; central nervous system 

 tables, 275. 



Psammodus, dentition, 86. 



Psephurus, 160-163; P. gladius^ 162 

 (Fig. 166^). 



Pseudopleuronectes , v. Flounder. 



Pteraspis, antiquity of, 9; described, 

 67 (Figs. 74, 76, 77). 



Pterichthys, antiquity of, 9; described, 

 69 (Figs. 80-82) ; Arthrodira associ- 

 ated with by Traquair, 130. 



Putnam, 182. 



Pycnodont, 157, 158. 



Rabbit-fish, v. Lagocephalus. 



Rabl, C, 146; phylogenetic table of, 

 compared, 283. 



Raja, V. Ray. 



Rat-fish, V. ChimcEra. 



Ray, in classification, 8; antiquity of, 

 9; shagreen of, 24 (Fig. 23); de- 

 scription of, 93-95 (Figs. 100-102) ; 

 barn-door skate {^R. IcBvii), 94 (Fig. 

 loi); affinities, 95, 96, 98 (Fig. 

 103); eggs and breeding habits, 181 

 (Fig. 189^), 183, 184. 



Recent sharks, v. Sharks. 



Relationships, v. Affinities, under the 

 family and species. 



Respiration, v. Aquatic breathing. 



Retzius, G., phylogenetic table of, com- 

 pared, 282. 



Rhina, 91 (Fig. 97); affinities to 

 shark, 96, 98 (Fig. 103) ; brain of, 

 tables of, 272 (Fig. 341). 



Rhinobatus, antiquity of, 9; descrip- 

 tion of, 93 (Fig. 100) ; affinities to 

 shark, 98 (Fig. 103). 



Rhyncodus, mandibular of, 106 (Fig. 

 Ill), III. 



Riickert, J., 187. 



Ryder, J. A., 31, 37, 115. 



Salensky, W., 214 note. 



Salmonid, antiquity of, 9; eggs and 

 breeding habits, 186; skull and 

 branchial arches, table of, 254 (Fig. 

 315)' 257. 



Sandalodus, dental plates of, 24 (Fig. 

 28), 28. 



Scales, 23; of Teleost, 24 (Fig. 31); 

 degeneration of, 26. 



Scaphaspis, 66 (Fig. 77), 67. 



Scapkirhyjichus, 160; S. platyrhyncus, 

 162 (Fig. 166). 



Scomberomorus maculatus, 2, 3 (Fig. 

 3) ; front view of, 4 (Fig. 4) ; lines 

 of, 5 (Fig. 6). 



Sculpin, barbels of, 46, 47 (Fig. 57). 



Scyllium, shagreen of, 24 (Fig. 22), 

 25. 90; eggs of, 181 (Fig. 189), 

 183, 184 and note; development of 

 egg of, 193 (Figs. 216-230); larvae 

 of, 215, 216 (Figs. 285-287); skull, 

 jaw, and branchial arches of, 254 

 (Fig. 310), 256. 



Sea-bass, v. Serranus. 



Sea-cat, v. Cfmncera and Callorhyn- 

 chus. 



Sea-horse, v. Hippocampus. 



Sea-raven, v. Hemitripterus. 



Sea-robin, v. Prionotus. 



Seal, fish-like form of, 6. 



Selache, gills of, 20. 



