52 Ptolemy's Scotland. 



1-60, Dumfries 1-84 ; July— Jardineton 0-50, Dumfries 0-23 ; 

 August — Jardineton 4-12, Dumfries 4-47 ; September — Jardine- 

 ton 2-40, Dumfries 2-20 ; October — Jardineton 3"25, Dumfries the 

 same; November — Jardineton 3-85, Dumfries 4*25 ; December — 

 Jardineton 5-65, Dumfries 5-03. Mr Rutherford did not give 

 the number of days on which rain fell, but Mr Andson stated 

 the number at Dumfries as at 206. The figures for Cargen 

 appeared the other day in the Courier and Herald^ and there were 

 48 more days of rain last year at Dumfries than at Cargen. In 

 this connection a curious discrepancy referred to last year by some 

 of the speakers was explained by Mr Andson by a difference in 

 some of the rain g-auges, which did not record falls so small as one 

 or two-huudredths of an inch. The totals for the year were — 

 At Dumfries 33-71, at Jardineton 33-68, and at Cargen 49-12, the 

 last being much the heaviest rainfall. There was only one month 

 at Cargen in which the rainfall was under one inch — namely, in 

 July, when it was a little over half an inch, or -56. In March, 

 when it was under an inch both at Jardineton and Dumfries, the 

 fall at Cargen was 1*04. 



2. Ptolemy s Scotland. By Dr E. J. Chinnock. 



Claudius Ptolemteus. the astronomer and geographer, lived in 

 the first half of the 2nd century. He wrote in the reigns of 

 Hadrian and Antoninus Pius. In his celebrated work on the 

 geography of the world he gives a bare description of the various 

 countries then known, simply marking doAvn the names of the various 

 places and appending to them their longitudes and latitudes, with- 

 out giving any detailed account of them. His work is a complete 

 contrast to that of Strabo, whicli is rich in the description of the 

 objects of interest connected with different countries and places. 

 With the exception of the introductory matter in the first book, 

 and the latter part of the work, it is a mere catalogue of the names 

 of places. Here and there he makes a few desultory remarks, but 

 not often. A part of the seventh and the whole of the eighth 

 book are occupied in the description of a set of maps of the known 

 world. These maps are still extant. I have extracted from the 

 work all that Ptolemy says of Scotland, leaving out the longitudes 

 and latitudes which he appends to each place. Ptolemy's order is 

 carefully followed. 



