o6 Roman Eoads ix Britain. 



their occupatiou of the southern half of Scotland the Romans 

 founded various stations aud constructed roads ; but they do not 

 seem to have made any permanent roads or camps like those 

 which they made in England. 



It is desirable to understand what the Itinerary is. It is 

 entitled the " Itinerarium of Antoninus Augustus." Augustus 

 was the official designation of the Emperor of Rome. Wherever 

 the Romans penetrated as conquerore they formed camps, and con- 

 structed permanent roads, the distance being marked along them 

 by mile stones. From the time of Augustus Caesar a tabulated 

 account of these roads and stations was kept at Rome. This Road 

 Guide or Itinerary was not published until the reign of Antoninus. 

 The best authorities understand by this Antoninus neither of the 

 emperors usually known as the Antonines, viz.. Antoninus Pius 

 and Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, but Antoninus Caracalla, the 

 infamous son of Septimius Severus, who reigned in the early part 

 of the third century. From names which occur in it, it is evident 

 that the Itinerary was revised and kept up to date till the end of 

 the reign of Constantine the Great, i.e.. to the early part of the 

 fourth century. It represents, therefore, the official record of the 

 Roman roads from the middle of the third till the middle of the 

 fourth century. 



The Imperial Itmerary of Antonine gives 1 5 roads existing in 

 Britain. The part relating to Britain is entitled " Iter Britanui- 

 arum." Notice the plural Britains not Britain. In imperial 

 times the country was called Britanniae, because there were 

 several provinces. Hence on our own coins the legend runs : 

 " Victoria regina Britanniarum." Antonine's Itinerary describes 

 the roads in the following order, giving the number of miles 

 between each station on the route : 



The 1st Road — From the AVall at Newcastle (Bremenium) to 

 Praetorium (probably Hull), 156 miles, passing through 

 Eburicum or York, which was garrisoned by the 6th Legion, 

 Victrix. On this road there were 10 stations. 



The 2nd Road — From Portus Rutupae (Richborough or Sandwich) 

 to Blatum Bolgium or Birrens, 481 miles, passing;- through 

 Canterbury, Rochester, London, St. Alb?.ns, Dunstable, to 

 Chester, which was garrisoned by the 2()th Legion, Victrix, 



