Excavations at Bikkenswakk. 51 



of the holes, and leave the fourth outsiile at a distance of 1 foot, 

 and applied to the last group the circle would pass through all 

 the three post-holes. Within the area of the latter circle a 

 granite under-millstone lies, apparently in sitit, and near it are 

 fragments as of the U2)per stone. 



It remains in connection with the redoubt to notice a group of 

 small pits, six in numl^er ; five are within the central enclosure, 

 and one is outside. Of those within, two lie side by side with 

 an interspace of 2 feet, and measure 5 feet 6 inches by 2 feet 

 3 inches, and 7 feet by 2 feet 3 inches respectively ; the remain- 

 ing three, which measure about 3 feet 6 inches by 1 foot 6 inches, 

 lie immediately west of the two first, and are all disposed length- 

 wise, due east and west. The one outside the enclosure is 

 similar to the two first described, but shows a little departure 

 from the orientation. The pits, Avhich are about 3 feet 6 inches 

 deep, were filled with soft sandy earth sufficiently distinct from 

 the surrounding till, and in one was a quantity of quarried 

 stones. 



The small circular enclosure (H) within the west end of the 

 camp, when examined by cross-trenches, showed a hollowed and 

 saucer-like interior, the deepest part of which reached the rock 

 and aj^peared slightly sunk into it. A small mound of earth, 

 dressed roughly on the face and rear with stones, surrounds the 

 hollow, rising a little above the outside surface mostly, but at 

 the north it is sunk so that the top falls below the level of the 

 camp floor. 



In closing the description ol this camp, one or two of the more 

 outstanding characteristics it exhibits may be recalled. In 

 tracing out the ground plan, it seems to have been the design of 

 the builders to utilise whatever advantages the site might afford 

 with a view to securing the greatest strength at the least ex- 

 penditure of labour, although involving some irregularity of 

 outline. The defences, also, are varied in form and dimensions, 

 and otherwise adjusted according to the particular circumstances 

 obtaining at the several parts of the camp. At the north, where 

 the opposing ground is high, they are larger than elsewhere, and 

 the gate defences appear to be designed specially to meet the 

 requirements of the situation. It is a characteristic that both 

 scarp and counterscarp are very steep ; and in order apparently 

 to sustain the built-up earth in such form, a pitching of stones is 



