Excavations at Biurknswark. 61 



scuntion on one side and broken walling on the other, from Avhich 

 the opening would seem to be about 4 feet in width ; an interior 

 space measuring o feet 6 inches rearwards by 6 feet across, marked 

 with fragments of enclosing walls and paved with flat stones. 

 The remains indicate that this gate also was probably a stone- 

 built structure. 



7'/te Interior. — The dividing rampart has already been described 

 and the line of aitificial work crossing from south to north near 

 the east end has also been mentioned. The latter .shows a rounded 

 surface like a roadway, the crown 9 inches higher than the sides, 

 but of soft earth. Under or alongside is a drain of good depth, 

 constructed similar to those found in the redoubt of the south 

 camp, previously described. 



In regard to the small west fortlet (N, Plate III.), when care- 

 fully surveyed, the plan is fotmd to be synmietrical, and resembles 

 a horseshoe, pointed at the north, and with a base at the south 

 composed of two straight lines, which retire towards the centre 

 and from a re-entering angle (Plate III). No apparent reason 

 for this peculiar shape has been discovered, and it seems as if it 

 were sim|)ly fanciful. The extreme length over all from north to 

 south is about 130 feet, and the greatest width is equal to the 

 length. The enclo.sing mound, measuring about 12 feet across and 

 3 feet 6 inches in height, exhibits exceptional modes of construc- 

 tion (Plate VIII. figs. 20, 21). On either side is a face wall about 2 

 feet in height, and varying from 1 foot to 3 feet 9 inches in thick- 

 ness, resting on the rock surface. The walls are well built of 

 large quarried stones, disposed in courses of one to three in the 

 height, cleft fair and clean on the face, and roughly squared in the 

 joints. While no tooling appeared on the face, unmistakable 

 marks of the mason's pick were discovered on the bed of a dis- 

 placed stone. The space between the faced walls is filled, and the 

 mound is carried up to its full height with earth, built in layers 

 in the following order : earth mixed with charcoal or decayed 

 brushwood, 6 inches thick ; red soil, 3 inches thick ; peat or turf, 

 black and very distinct, 2 inches thick ; a mixture like iron 

 rubbish, but probably moor-band, 6 inches thick ; and the 

 remainder earth, and the surface turf. 



The entrance (Plate VIII. fig. 22), which is on the west side, 

 is much destroyed. Its width is about 4 feet, and several flat 

 stones mark the floor. 



Another kind uf structure has now to be noticed. It is a 



