Transactions. 101 



WilUaui II. Scott, was found in the ruins of an old fow-byre in 

 Dumfriesshire, and is supposed to have been used as a charm for 

 cattle diseases. 



miscp:li,aneous okjects. 



Other objects from Dumfriesshire, which it is unnecessary to 

 mention in detail, are : (1) A spearhead of iron, 8 inches in length, 

 found at Cluden Mill ; {'2) three old axe-heads of iron found at 

 Lochmaben Castle; (o) a portion of chain mail, oxidised into a 

 solid mass, found in a moss on the bank of the Kinnell Water, 

 near Moffat, under four feet of compact black peat, and resting- on 

 the clay^ ; (4) a key and padlock, from Lochmaben Castle, and a 

 large iron key, found in 181!) in the wall of the old Church of 

 Lochmaben, burned in 1598 ; and (5) a candlestick of iron, with a 

 point for insertion into the wall, found in an old farm-house in 

 Dumfriesshire, and said to have been used by King Robert the 

 Bruce ! 



^*^ For the loan of the illustrations to this paper, the Society 

 is indebted to the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. 



VIL — ?V/e Relifjknis beliefs of the Anciait Esji/ptians as to the 

 Entities of the Human Bodij and their Destinies. By James 

 A.S.Grant. M.A., M.D., LL.D., of Cairo. (Abridged.) 



In order to get at these we must read the Egyptian mind as to 

 its ideas about the body, and the soul, and the spirit after death. 

 This we can now do in a satisfactory manner from the inscriptions 

 of the v. and VL Dynasties. 



At first the Egyptians believed that man w\as composed of a 

 body and a double, which they called " Ka.," and it was not till 

 some time afterwards that they conceived the idea of an existence 

 even" less substantial than the " Ka," which itself was ethereal. 

 This they considered the essence of the human nature, and would 

 correspond to our soul in the popular signification of that term, and 

 they pictured it by a kind of crane, or by a human-headed hawk, 

 which they called ''Ba." Each soul had different faculties or 

 qualities, and did not subsist but in the midst of surroundings 

 c ympatible with those qualities. The " Ba "' could quit the tomb 



^ There is another portion of thi'^ rhain-mail iii the Grierson Museum, 

 ThortihiU. 



