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Transactions. 103 



protect it against its enemies. The moment the religious rites 

 were accomplished and the prayers regularly and properly intoned 

 the " Ka " became rich and liappy in its surroundings ; and the 

 offerings of wine, fruit, and meat represented on the walls of the 

 ante-chamber served to assuage thirst and allay hunger, and thus 

 preserve the "Ka" from second death. The "Ka" was an 

 ethereal intelligence incorporated into the human body so as to 

 constitute its physical life and carry on its functions. When out 

 of the body it continued to carry on the same functions in itself, 

 and required spiritual nourishment to keep it alive. The " Ba," 

 on the other hand, was transjDorted to a new world to enjoy a 

 future life in a different sphere, where the enjoyments were pro- 

 poi'tioned to the good or evil done during the terrestrial life, and 

 suited to the capacity of the " Ba" to appreciate them. 



Before knowing its lot the disembodied " Ba " had to appear 

 before the tribunal of Osiris, who was assisted in coming- to a 

 proper judgment in each case by forty-two assessors. (Book of 

 the Dead, chap. 125.)* The conscience or heart spoke for or 

 against the " Ba " (Chap. 30), and an appeal was made to it by 

 the " Ba " in these terms : — 



" 0, my heart ! derived from my mother (mut), my heart! of 

 the time when I was upon the earth ; do not raise thyself against 

 me, do not bring testimony as an enemy against me before the 

 divine chiefs ; do not abandon me before the great God (Osiris) 

 Lord of the AVest (Amenti). All hail ! to thee, heart of 'Osiris' 

 that lives in the west; all hail to you divine Viscera; ail hail ! to 

 you Gods with the jDlaited beard, powerful ones through your 

 sceptre. Say only well of the dead, and grant that he may 

 prosper through the medium of ' Nahb Kaon.' " (This strange 

 divinity that unites the doubles or spiritual bodies is represented 

 by a human-handed serpent.) 



According to the testimony of the heart the " lia " was 

 condemned or absolved. Again, we see the actions of the 

 "Ba" weighed in the infallible balance of justice and truth, 

 and, according as they turn out to be heavy or light, as weighed 

 against the syraliol of ju.stice and truth, so the judgment is given. 



* The large scarabs are called heart-scarabs because they vere placed 

 in the position of the heart in the mummy and had part of the chapter 

 " on the heart " from the " Book of tlie Dead " carved on them. 



