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gravel, hard and well bound together, the surface well rounded, 

 the edges supported on two courses of stone ; and for carrying 

 oflF the surface water there have been hewn stone gutters on either 

 side, of which several pieces yet remain in situ. The foundations 

 of the building, unfortunately, have in some places wholly dis- 

 appeared ; for the most part those remaining are two courses of 

 stone in height only, but in some instances they rise to a height 

 of several courses. There are indications showing that the build- 

 ings liave been of varied importance ] those abutting on the east- 

 to-west road, and particularly towards the east end of it, have 

 evidently been intended for the more important purposes. They 

 are distinguished by greater thickness of wall and better work- 

 manship, but chiefly by the numerous prominent buttresses pro- 

 jecting therefrom on all sides. Two also show hypocaust arrange, 

 ments for artificially heating the interior ; these consist of a system 

 of hot air ducts with connecting openings, over which the floors 

 were laid. The other buildings seem to have been simple oblongs, 

 without any distinctive features. Some of the masonry, dis- 

 tinguished by the less thickness of the walling and inferior work- 

 manship, evidently belongs to a period subsequent to the erection 

 of the original work ; and as it stands on the old footings and 

 alongside the old walling, would .seem first to liave been 

 destroyed, and probably after a lengthened interval, when the art 

 of building had deteriorated, the secondary work would be under 

 taken. Other circumstances, sucli as the existence of one floor 

 overlying another at a lower level, point in the same direction. 

 All this, however, remains to be more fully inquired into and 

 considered. Several interesting methods followed in the con- 

 struction of the works are revealed. Preparation, for instance, 

 is made for the reception of the footings of the more important 

 walls by putting down a thick bed of well-tempered clay, and 

 setting its surface with a causeway of whinstone cobbles ; the 

 walls are built in coui'ses, with all the stones placed as headers, 

 and the centre is closed with stones fitted in without shivers. 

 The dressings indicate the use of various tools, the axe, scabbling 

 pick, point, and chisels of several kinds. One is brought well 

 into the presence of the old Roman mason when the breadth of 

 the chisels he used is found marked on the stones on which they 

 were sharpened. The character of the buildings as indicated by 

 what remains of them sutiiciently proves that they were not 

 intended to serve a temporary purpose but were meant for 



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