The Interior Buildings. 1G7 



itself is 3 feet G inches liigh and IG inches wide, and the sides are 

 built of rubble without mortar. The course of a drain between 

 the east rampart and the adjoining buildings, numbered I., II., III., 

 and IV., is indicated on the plan, and in connection with it there 

 remains in situ a curious inlet, consisting of a piece of open channel- 

 ing similar to that found at the sides of the streets, but of greater 

 breadth, and a built hopper with sloping flag bottom and flag cover 

 (see drawing, plate IIlA.). It is opposite the eavesdrop between 

 Nos. II. and III., and doubtless the channelling would extend the 

 whole length of the eavesdrop, for the purpose of carrjang off the 

 water falling from the roofs of the buildings. 



A characteristic method of preparing the foundations for the 

 reception of the walls, to which reference has already been made, 

 prevails. A trench is cut in the ground 9 inches deep or more, and 

 of a width a little greater than the thickness of the intended wall, 

 which is filled with well-tempered clay. The surface of the clay 

 is paved with whinstone cobbles, accurately marking out the situa- 

 tion of the walls, even to the width and projection of the buttresses, 

 and the pavement is beat into the clay, the substance bemg there- 

 by consoUdated and rendered suitable for the support of the 

 sapterincumbent masonry. It is an excellent foundation ; and its 

 use, on account of its permanence, proved of much service in trac- 

 ing out the i^lan. 



The footings usually project, forming scarcements on each side 

 of the wall, but not always ; and for the lowest course of stones, 

 and mostly the second also, or what of the wall would be lower 

 than the surface of the ground, instead of lime mortar, clay is used 

 for bedding and jointing. The work is exceedingly good, every 

 crevice closed, and the whole a solid mass. "Whether this method 

 was followed with the view of protecting the walls from risin"- 

 damp, or because it was thought better adapted to the circum- 

 stances, the work being in contact with the earth, than lime mortar 

 would be, the result is that now, after the lapse of so many ages, 

 these footings, so built, where undisturbed by force, are yet in 

 perfect order, whereas the lime mortar used in the overwalliug has 

 been wholly absorbed by the accumulated soil. 



These methods of constructing the foundations and footings 

 are peculiar to the primary walls. 



The walling discriminated as secondary is characterised by 

 inferior workmanship ; and the primary parts vary in quality par- 



