GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE IN ENGLAND. 133 



Voulgreave; and in another place remarks will be found on 

 the plan of Bakewell church. 



When writing on the third or cruciform type of the planing 

 of a parish church, Mr. Bond considers the different ways of 

 extension when enlargement became necessar\-. One was to 

 add aisles, and another (which did not involve so much diffi- 

 culty of construction) was to add transepts. But a different 

 process would be required when applied to an early church 

 that lacked a central tower. In such a case " it would be 

 easy to enlarge the church eastward by pulling down the 

 sanctuary; building on its site a central tower; and projecting 

 from the central tower transepts and a new sanctuar}'." This 

 is the process through which Mr. Bond thinks that the interesting 

 old churches of Bakewell, Derbyshire, and of St. Nicholas, 

 Leicester, have passed. 



In treating of Romanesque piers, Mr. Bond points out that 

 the Norman abacus is always square-edged, and that its under- 

 surface is usually a straight chamfer, as at Youlgreave. One 

 of the Youlgreave capitals serves as an example of this on the 

 plate at page 421. 



