44 A NOTE ON BROUGH AND BATHUMGATE. 



Leyum, meadows, the dative plural of " leah." As Buxton 

 is not mentioned in Domesday, and as the Romans knew it 

 as Aquse, its former name may have been simply Bath or 

 Bathum (baths), and an Anglo-Saxon charter mentions Bath 

 in Somersetshire as " aet Bathum," meaning literally " at baths." 

 Domesday ignores Brough and Buxton, because they were not 

 manors, or taxable units. 



Mr. Haverfield has established the very important fact that 

 the Roman name of Brough was Anavio. He also says that 

 the Ravennas mentions a British river " Anava," and he sup- 

 poses that the "name survives in the present name of the 

 stream which flows past Brough and into the Derwent, the 

 Noe."i The name appears as Nooe in Glover's Derbyshire, 

 1833. On Saxton's map of Derbyshire, 1577, it appears as 

 Now. If we trace it to its source, about seven miles to the 

 N.E. of Brough, we shall find a place called Noe Stool on 

 the new one-inch Ordnance map, or Now Stoole Hill on 

 Saxton's map. 



If we follow the Roman road from Brough towards Buxton 

 on the new one-inch Ordnance map, we shall notice at a dis- 

 tance of three and a half miles from Brough an oval so-called 

 " encampment." It is very near the road on its south side. 

 And if we follow the road on the map a little more than two 

 miles in the same direction, we shall come to Laughman Tor, 

 which is also near the Roman way, and means "lawman rock." 

 This must have been a rock or hill on which a lawman 

 formerly declared the law, as he did on the Logberg, or rock 

 of law in Iceland. This is still done on the Tynwald Hill in 

 the Isle of Man. The President of the Supreme Court 

 formerly held in Orkney was called the " lagman," or lawman. 



Nearly a mile to the S.W. of Brough is a very straight em- 

 bankment called Grey Dyke. Unfortunately, the new one-inch 



1 In vol. xxvi. of this Journal, p. 202. The Roman station in Derby- 

 shire called Melandra Castle may also have derived its name from a river. 

 The stream near Mallendar,in the neighbourhood of Coblentz, was known 

 as Malandra in the tenth century (Foerstemann, Altdeiitsches Nameribiich, 

 ii., 1046). The surname Mallinder, accented on the first syllable, is 

 not unfrequent in Sheffield. 



