THE POTTERY 87 



projections resembling " rough-cast." Flat base without base- 

 ring. Also fragments of smaller vases of similar type. 



3. Neck of jug (Plate III., 3).^ Buff clay with black engobe. 



Plain "Wares. 



The plainer wares of Roman Britain liave not yet been 

 classified on any satisfactory system tliat is both, con- 

 venient and scientific. The simplest method for the pre- 

 sent is to arrange the vases according to the general char- 

 acteristics of the clay-body. By this method one gets four 

 principal wares, the Black, Grey, Red and Pale Wares. Of 

 these the first two are closely related in the shape and 

 technique of the vases, and also the last two; but between 

 these two wider groups there is practically no overlapping. 

 The second group employs a decidedly more elaborate and 

 stereotyped series of vase-shapes which seems to have come 

 fully formed into Britain with the Eoman invaders, 

 whereas the simpler and more experimental shapes of the 

 Black and Grey Wares seem to be rather those of the 

 native British pottery. The names of vessels mentioned 

 in Latin literature, so far as they can be attached to exist- 

 ing vase-shapes, seem all to belong to the group of Eed 

 and Pale wares. 



Black Ware. This ware often receives the name of 

 Upchurch from its occurrence in large quantities near 

 Upchurch in the Medway marshes, but the style is not 

 distinctive enough to limit it to any one locality. The 

 body of the vases is black throughout, the clay being ap- 

 parently permeated by smoke in the process of firing. 



8. Necks of this shape are found on small jugs with globular body 

 that come from the New Forest (Crockhill). This "New Forest Ware" 

 is closely related to Castor in many respects but is usually fired at a 

 greater heat, which often produces a surface with a metallic lustre and 

 an almost maroon colour. It is possible that the neck at Melandra 

 comes from the kilns at Crockhill rather than from those of Castor. 



