I04 KANSAS UNMVEKSnV (jUARl'KKI.V. 



of lieavy beds of sandstone which only extend a few miles in any 

 direction. Those in the vicinity of Lawrence serve well for an 

 illustration. 



At Oak Hill Cemetery, east of Lawrence less than two miles, sand- 

 stone is very abundant. A considerable hill is left behind after the 

 valley all around is eroded to a much lower level. Yet the sandstone 

 extends in no direction, excepting the south, a distance of a mile. 

 It has gradually graded into shale which has yielded to erosion, leav- 

 ing a valley behind. .\ similar and equally heavy deposit of sand- 

 stone is laid bare by erosion on the south bank of the Wakarusa south 

 of the University. Its extent is greater than the Oak Hill sandstone, 

 but it continues only a few miles, while limestones a fourth as thick 

 cover counties. 



A Geolo^ric Section \\m\y the Neosho River from the 



Mississipjiian F(»rmation of the Indian Territory to 



AVhite City, Kan.^as. and Ah)no- the Cottonwood 



Ri\er from Wyckoff to Peabody. 



KKASMIS HAWdRTH AN1> \l. /. KIKK. 



(These sec-lions :ire icpieseiiteJ in tiwnres 1. •.' ami 3. Plate IV, iuul ilieir locaiion is shown 

 on the map. It was thoUKht best to let the drawings rejiresent straight lines, 



i-allii r itiaii ilii- iin-anilcriii)."- of ilic >Hrairis.l 



a. THE NEOSHO RIVER SECTION. 



The northwestern limit of the Mississippian"^ or Sub-carboniferous 

 formation along the Neosho river was not definitely determined. 

 It may be at a jjoint about fourteen miles below the south 

 Kansas line, at the to|) of a sandy liinest(jne system which now and 

 then assumes a shaly aspect, ur it may be some miles below Miami 

 town, a little further down the river. Nothing exactly corresponding 

 to this formation is known within th^ state along the contact line 

 between the lead and zinc bearing limestone of the Mississippian and 

 the Coal Measures, although frequently a sandstone seems to lie at the 

 base of the latter. Above this point for fifteen miles or more nothing 

 is exposed along the river bluffs but shale, which here and there 

 assumes so silicious a character that it would almost do to be called 

 a sandstone: and a few seams of coal which usually are so thin they 

 have but little commercial value. The first limestone system en- 

 countered is a thin bed found about seven miles below (Jswego, 



*The term Mississipinan was su.iiKHsteil by Prof. 11. .s. Williams. U. S. G. S. Bui. «0. p. 

 1*5. 1X91. t(i replat'e the oUler term Sub-carboniferous. For many rea.sons it seems prefer- 

 able, and has already beeu adopted by Winsknv. Keyes. and other geologists in their 

 writings on diiTereni phases of the geology of the Mississijipi valley. 



