tii Kansas university quarterly. 



After passing another 40-foot system of shales, limestone system 

 number 12 is met with about five miles from Kmporia, from which 

 place it skirts the hills all the way to Dunlap. It is composed of two 

 distinct strata, each about 5 feet thick, separated by about 15 feet of 

 shale. Neither of them is of any special economic importance, the 

 lower one in particular being a fine-grained compact rock so full of 

 vertical seams that it is rendered useless for building purposes. 



A 30-foot bed of dark sandy shale now takes us to limestone system 

 number 13, which is considered the equivalent of the famous Cotton- 

 wood Falls limestone. Along the Neosho river it is exposed from 

 the hill-top south of Dunlap to Council Grove. As this limestone 

 will be described more in detail in connection with the section along 

 the Cottonwood river, we will leave it for the present. 



Above the Cottonwood Falls limestone w^e find a sandy shale about 

 30 feet thick, above which is limestone number 14, a comjjaratively 

 unimportant system not more than 8 feet thick, which is exposed for 

 about five miles partly below anil partly above Council Grove. 



After passing 14 feet of dark sandy shale*, limestone number 15 is 

 reached on the hill-tops above Council Grove. This is an important 

 limestone system, which extends to the northwest almost to Parker- 

 ville. It is over 20 feet thick, and is particularly noted for carrying 

 so large an amount of flint both here on the Neosho river and on the 

 Cottonwood river, where it is so well developed. Possibly it is the 

 equivalent of the llint-bearing limestone at Fort Riley, which is less 

 than twenty-five miles to the northwest. 



Passing 40 (U 50 feet of shale, limestone number 16 is reached, 

 which is the last in this section. It is from 6 to 10 feet thick, is a 

 soft white rock with even texture, and has been used extensively for 

 buildin-g purposes in Parkerville. Its southeastern limit is about 

 seven miles below Parkerville, from which place it extends to a few 

 miles above the town. No other limestone was seen between this 

 and White City. Seventy-five feet above number 16 an 18-inch 

 layer is reported to have been found in wells, but this was not veri- 

 fied. If such a rock exists it is near the top system on the divide 

 between the Neosho and Kansas rivers, for ^Vhite City is almost on 

 the divide. 



b. THE COTTONWOOD RIVER SECTION. 



Let us now return to the mouth of the Cottonwood river, near 

 Wyckoff, and trace the section along that stream. Near this place 

 the distance between the two rivers is so short that we are practically 



* By some mistake the thickness of all the formations above number i:? in this section 

 was greatly exagerated in the drawing, which was not noticed until loo late for correc- 

 tion. 



