176 KANSAS UNIVERSITY QUARTERLY. 



Of the two main parts of the thesis, the historical account traces 

 fully the various interpretations of the constitutional provision, while 

 lack of space compels a condensation of the conclusion involving 

 many abrupt transitions. 



AUTHORITIES. 



United States: — Madison Papers; Elliott's Debates: Bigelow, 

 American Constitutions; American's Ouide to State Constitutions; 

 Poore, Charters and Constitutions; Annals of Congress; Journal of 

 the House of Representatives; Congressional Debates; Congressional 

 Globe; Congressional Record; House of Representatives Reports; 

 Senate Reports; Peters, United States Statutes at Large; Smith, 

 Digest of the Rules of the House; Reade, Digest of the Rules of the 

 Senate; Hildrelh, History of the United States; Greely, American 

 Conflict; Wilson, Congressional Government; Stickney, a True Re- 

 public; Correspondence on the Budget, Cobden Club; North Ameri- 

 can Review, vols. 26, loS, iii, 128; The Atlantic Monthly, vol. 55; 

 The Nation, for April 4, 1878; Stevens, Life of Albert Gallatin. 



England: — Statutes of the Realm; Hansard's Debates; May, 

 Parliamentary Practice; Anson, Law and Custom of the Constitution; 

 Feilden, Short Constitutional History of ICngland. 



A. — Debates in the Constitutional Convention on the Orio^i- 

 nation of Money Bills. 



The Revolution of 16SS had firmly established the principle that 

 taxation in England must be controlled by Parliament. The famous 

 demand of the Americans in 1776 of "No taxation without repre- 

 sentation " was but a claim to political liberty equal to that which 

 had been enjoyed by the mother country for nearly a hundred years. 

 The effect of the arbitrary government of Charles I upon the England 

 of 1640 found its counterpart in the effect of the government of 

 George HI upon the America of 1776. The war of the Revolution 

 firmly established the principle of self-taxation in America, though it 

 was a principle which had long been asserted in colonial charters 

 and constitutions. 



As in England, when the principle of self-taxation was once firmly 

 established, the history of the budget is concerned with the relations 

 between the Crown, the Lords and the Commons, and is to be 

 found rather in the standing orders of the two houses, than in the 

 statutes of the realm, so in the United States the history of the budget 

 is confined to the various provisions pertaining to the origination of 



