204 KANSAS UNIVERSnV QUARTERLY. 



in stating that "cutting oft one tax is in fact always equivalent in 

 contemplation of law, to raising another."* Mr. Garfield, Mr. 

 Logan, Mr. Hooper, Mr. Allison, and Mr. Lawrence made brief 

 speeches on the necessity of guarding the privilege of the House, and 

 Mr. Garfield asked and secured leave to print a statement f which 

 was intended as an answer to the long report of the Senate com- 

 mittee. Without division the House agreed X to the report and thus 

 took one more step in establishing its control over revenue. 



In this debate between Sen ate and House party politics had no place, 

 for the leaders in each house were members of the same political party. 

 This then was a question solely between the two houses as such, and 

 it is undoubtedly for this reason that so much care was taken to sub- 

 stantiate statements and that the statements of privilege were made so 

 broadly. The House defended its privilege and in doing so attacked 

 the custom of the Senate. The essence of the whole matter is to be 

 found in a speech by Mr. Wood in the House on March 3. He said: 

 "The time has arrived when the popular branch of the government 

 of this country must maintain its authority, wlien the power centered 

 in the Executive, when the power centered in the higher branch of 

 Congress, which represents a very small minority of the American 

 people, shall yield up the prerogative which belongs to this body." § 

 In this developing assurance of the House, in its determination to con- 

 trol legislation, lies the secret of the earnestness with which it con- 

 ducted the contest. The House had adopted a resolution which 

 stood as a warning to future Senates, and but one more step was 

 necessary to assume absolute control of money matters of whatever 

 nature; and in the next Congress that step was taken. 



/A'. Forty-second Congress, 18/I-72. Contest between House and 

 Senate on attempt of Senate to make amendment to House bill to 

 repeal duties on tea and coffee. 



In the second session of the 42 Congress, February 14, 1872, 

 a bill was reported|| to the House by the committee of Ways and 

 Means, to repeal the existing duties on tea and coffee. The com- 

 mittee was opposed to the bill, but had been instructed by the House 

 to report it, and February 19 it was passed** by a large majority. 

 The question of the day, which was interesting both houses, was tariff' 

 reduction. The surplus for the ensuing year had been estimated all the 



*Cong. Globe, lt<TO-Tl, pt. Ill, p. 1928. 



tibid.. pt. Ill, Appendi.x, pp. 364-8. 



ilbid., pt. Ill, p. 1930. 



§ Ibid., p. 1928. 



[Cong. Globe, 1871-r2, pt. II. p. 1019. 



♦•Ibid., p. 1118. 



