226 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. XII, 



proof character of the upper epidermis of the Nelumbo leaf and 

 the elevated position of the petiole junction. Surface swimming 

 permits dissemination without serious interference with normal 

 respiration. 



7. Pupation occurs in the petiole burrow below the water- 

 level outside and since submergence is fatal, protection is pro- 

 vided not only by the walls of the petiole and the formation of a 

 firm, silken cocoon, but also by the construction of a special 

 closing device — a cream-colored, circular, concavo-convex cap — 

 at the top of the tunnel excluding the water, but providing for 

 the ultimate emergence of the adult. Occasional pupation in 

 the upturned leaf margin is accompanied only by simple cocoon 

 formation, but pupation in terrestrial plants, according to 

 certain writers, appears to be nearly devoid of such provision. 



LITERATURE CITED. 



Chittenden, F. H. 1918. The Lotus Borer. Journ. Ec. Ent., 11:453-457. 1 pi. 

 Coquillett, D. W. 1880. On the Early Stages of Some Moths. Can. Ent., 



12:43-46. 

 Hart, C. A. 189fi. On the Entomology of the Illinois River and Adjacent Waters. 



Bull. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., 4:149-273. 15 pi. 

 Pond, R. W. 1918. The Larger Aquatic Vegetation. Fresh-water Biologv, by 



Ward, H. B., and Whipple, G. C, pp. 178-209. 19 fig. 

 Smith, J. B. 1890a. An Enemy to the Egyptian Lotus. Garden and Forest, 



3:88. 2 fig. 

 1890b. A New Species of Botis. Entomologica Americana, 6:88-90. 2 fig. 



Welch, P. S. 1914. Habits of the Larva of Bellura melanopyga Grote (Lepid- 

 optera). Biol. Bull., 27:97-114. 1 pi. 

 1916. Contribution to the Biology of Certain Aquatic Lepidoptera. Ann. 

 Ent. Soc. Am., 9:159-190. 3 pi. 



