296 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. XII, 



The dorsal valvulae are close together and at their extreme 

 bases they are joined by a fold of tough cuticle. Just behind 

 this fold is the large superior intervalvula, which unites the 

 two bases closely with one another and with the inner valvulae. 

 It consists of a stout, bilobed transverse bar connected below 

 with a thin horizontal plate (him), which projects forward into 

 the body and bears a median apodeme, which has the same 

 muscular connections with the valvifers as that of the Gryllidas 

 and TettigoniidcC. 



The dorsal apophyses are short but stout, the ventral rather 

 slender, but well chitinized and firmly united with the large, 

 thin, ventral intervalvula. The inner valvulae are of moderate 

 length, but very close together, not enclosing a passage for the 

 exit of the eggs. There is a considerable space between their 

 lateral surfaces and the dorsal valvule. Like the other valvulae, 

 they are lobed and ridged, and they engage the ventral valvulae 

 ineffectively, by a slight tongue-and-groove joint. There is prac- 

 tically no intervalvular membrane and no pons, but the rami are 

 strongly chitinized and fused with the transverse bar of the 

 superior intervalvula. Their anterior extremities, however 

 (Fig. 49), lie below the level of this sclerite on each side of the 

 horizontal plate (him) which seems to represent an invaginated 

 intervalvular membrane. There is no connection between the 

 ends of the rami and the inferior intervalvula, such as occurs 

 in the Orthoptera. 



A pair of small lobes project back from the inferior inter- 

 valvula between the inner valves, (cf. Blattoidea). 



Blattoidea (Blattidee). 



In the cockroaches we find many of the peculiarities of the 

 Mantidse in a more pronounced form, as well as special char- 

 acteristics of their own. The ovipositor is not only degenerate, 

 but more or less greatly atrophied and completely concealed by 

 the large "subgenital plate," which as in the Mantidas is the 

 seventh, not the eighth sternum. Crampton {loc. cit., p. 227). 

 states that in the superorder Pandictyoptera, (later termed 

 Panisoptera and including Blattid^, Mantidas and Isoptera), 

 "the ventral portion of the terminal abdominal segments is 

 typically overlapped by a backward prolongation of the eighth 

 segment." He [considers Holmgren ^(Termitenstudien. Anat- 



