171 
on other genera (see K.B. 1906, pp. 38, 39). H. Woodii is known 
to occur on various species of Vangueria, on Fadogia latifolia 
and also on Gardenia edulis from Australia. 
Another fungus, Hemileia helvola, Syd., found on Rubiaceous 
plants in the Congo, as well as H. Woodii might under certain 
conditions become adapted to coffees, but though this possibility 
should not be disregarded there is at present no evidence of the 
likelihood of such an eventuality. 
XXVII—MINOR AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIES.* 
II. Tue Cuuture or Earty Fiowers in CogRNWALL AND 
THE ScitLty IsLanps. 
W. DALLIMORE. 
n various parts of Cornwall and the Scilly Islands’ a large 
business is carried on in the production of early flowers, more 
particularly Narcissi, for the English markets, and as the industry 
is one about which information is often sought, visits were paid to 
some of the principal growing centres during the third week of 
March for the purpose of enquiring into the conditions under which 
the flowers are grown and marketed, the knowledge thus obtained 
being summarised in the accompanying notes. 
The bulb industry had its inception about 30 years ago, the 
object in view being the provision of a supplementary farm crop for 
agriculturists who had previously depended to a great extent upon 
_ the production of broccoli and early potatoes. For several years the 
work was largely of an experimental nature and only affected a few 
people but it is now included as a necessary and regular part of the 
routine of many arable farms and small holdings, and farmers and 
cottagers alike derive a certain portion of their income from the 
sale of flowers and bulbs. 
All of the five of the Scilly Islands that are inhabited are equally 
interested in the industry, viz., St. Marys, Tresco, St. Agnes, 
St. Martins, and Bryher. On the Mainland, the neighbourhood 
of Penzance is the centre of the industry, although there are 
growers in the vicinity of Falmouth and elsewhere. Farmers 
thereabouts are handicapped by the long distance which separates 
them from important markets, hence, to recuperate themselves for 
losses due to heavy railway rates and packing, they rely upon the 
extra profit which is obtained by producing crops a few wecks 
earlier than is possible in a less favoured climate, for throughout 
winter, climatic conditions are very equable and the slight frosts 
which occur are at infrequent intervals. In the past, the two most 
approved crops for the purpose were potatoes and broccoli and these 
were repeated with almost unfailing regularity, almost to the 
exclusion of other subjects, until bulb-growing came to be 
thoroughly understood, when it was found to be more profitable than 
either of the other crops, although it entailed more work. ortu- 
nately the deep loamy soil which produces good crops of potatoes is 
* The first article on the Fuller’s Teasel was published in K.B., 1912, p. 345. - 
