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For convenience of management the forest is divided into 20 
compartments and is worked upon a 110 years rotation, Except 
that the rotation is a few years longer in the present day a somewhat 
similar system of management has been maintained since the 14th 
century. The longer rotation has become necessary owing to the 
gradual change in the kinds of trees grown. 
Natural regeneration is relied upon whenever possible but spruce 
and larch are often planted. A regeneration period of 15 years 
is allowed, at the end of which time the seed trees are removed. 
At the end of 5 or 7 years a thinning is made, suppressed and 
badly formed trees being removed. Subsequently, until the final 
thinning is given at 70 years of age, thinnings are conducted 
every 5 or 7 years until the trees are 40 years old and every 10 
or 14 years afterwards. Conifers, ash and maple are encouraged 
in preference to other trees. A strict account is kept of al 
thinnings, for from the earliest date they can be made into 
faggots, so that at the end of the rotation an exact account of 
the yield of each compartment is obtainable. During the first 
30 years it is said that about 1000 cubic feet of timber per acre is 
removed. At 90 years of age one third of the whole volume is cut, 
the remaining trees being cut between that age and the end of the 
regeneration period. The final crop averages about 6,000 cubic feet 
There are 22 streams throughout the forest and in most instances 
it has been necessary to build proper falls and paved courses in order to 
check erosion. Owing to the steep nature of the land and the absence 
of hard stone, there are only a few roads and most of the timber is 
carried down the hills by slides, or tramways. In winter sledges 
are used and in summer wheeled trucks. Up to 5 tons of timber can 
be sent down at once on a sledge or truck. A considerable amount 
of firewood is cut into regulation lengths on the hills. Some of this is 
tied in bundles and sent down on sledges, but the greater proportion 
is sent down a transportable slide with a gradient of one in four. 
After a temporary slide has been laid and the wood collected and cut 
to the required length it is said that four men can send down as much 
as 7000 cubic feet in a working day of 9 hours. . 
The trucks and sledges used for the heavier wood are returned to 
the top of the hill by the aid of cattle and with regard to these a 
curious and interesting point was mentioned. The cattle used for 
this purpose are all hermaphrodites. These animals, to the extent 
of probably not more than one per cent., are born regularly in the 
_ Brunig district and are reserved as far as possible for forest work. 
From 750 to 800 francs is the price of such an animal, whilst a 
normal animal of either sex, or a bullock, can be procured for 600 
wool. The firewood is also distributed from this centre. It is all 
