296 CONOVULIDE. 
CONOVULID&. 
This small family, made up of the genera Conovulus, Pedipes, 
and Carychium, constitutes the Auriculide of authors. I prefer 
the former appellation, as some of the species of the latter have 
not the eyes at the central or inner bases of the tentacula, 
but are more closely allied to the typical Helices ; whereas the 
true Conovulide are of the Limneadan branch of the Pulmoni- 
fera, having the eyes always at the base of the tentacula. 
This family is undoubtedly closely allied to the Helicide, and 
its animals, until lately, have been considered marine Pectini- 
branchiata; but the Rev. M. G. Berkeley, in the Zoological 
Journal, vol. v. p. 428, pl. 19. f.3, has shown that the animals 
are Pulmonifera, and our descriptions fully support that deter- 
mination. 
This family, and its allies the Helicide, are so entirely 
incongruous with those which precede and follow their pre- 
sent position in the main line, that it has been judged expe- 
dient to let them stand, but to consider them as an aberrant 
group. As it is not our intention to do more than allude to 
the land and freshwater mollusca, I shall confine myself to 
an account of the only species of Conovulus, and that of 
Pedipes, to satisfy malacologists on the respiratory structure, 
and to remove any doubts that may still remain im respect 
thereof, as well as on account of their beg, perhaps not very 
inappropriately, regarded as marme amphibious Pulmonifera, 
that inhabit the sea-walls, oozes, and sedges of the estuaries, 
where they are often immersed in the flats and pools, from 
which, like the Limneade, they come to the surface to breathe 
free air. These animals, from the position of the eyes and 
shape of the tentacula, have certainly considerable relations 
with the Pyramidellidan Chemnitzide. 
I observe, for the consideration of the younger naturalist, 
that it matters not if one animal is terrestrial and pulmoni- 
ferous, and another of marine or freshwater habitat and pec- 
tinibranchous — they will take their natural position with 
