CHEMNITZIA. 417 
and as they were rarely washed up from the deeper and more 
distant zones, they were of course very scarce; but if the 
modern dredge or trawl-boat had been in general use, they 
would have been obtained in abundance. 
We have numerous suites of the C. pallida, our type, of all 
adult sizes; of all juvenile ones; of all forms, slender, tumid, 
short, elongated ; of every description of markings, smooth, 
rough, spirally ridged, or more finely striated, with the fold 
sometimes conspicuous, often scarcely visible, and an umbi- 
licus of most variable character: all these phases of the same 
species may be seen in our cabinet, in which scarcely a 
specimen of the C. pallida can be matched, because all differ. 
What has been the result? Authors have produced their 
interminable lists of varieties; and when a somewhat more 
differential form was met with, it was promoted to a species. 
We have not the slightest doubt that the Chemnitzia rissoides 
is a dwarf littoral variety of the “pallida.” A comparison of 
our notes on the two animals bears us out in this view; these 
two alone agree, whilst every other exhibits some difference. 
Besides, our examination of the opercula of this genus 
strongly supports their identity; they are amongst the few 
species that have the pillar-lip flap moveable, resulting from 
cartilaginous flexibility. This rissoidean variety of Chem. 
pallida is*the parent of the C. albella and C. dubia of au- 
thors. We possess them both, besides having had authentic 
specimens sent to us by Mr. Barlee for inspection ; the C. alba 
and C. nitida, from the figures in the ‘ British Mollusca,’ and 
in other works, are, beyond doubt, of the same parentage. 
I engage to match any of the four species I have named. I 
conclude, from the ‘ British Mollusea,’ that the C. notata, non- 
null. is a variety of the typical “pallida.” Montagu’s shell, 
from his figure, is also probably a semistriated “ pallida;” one of 
the varieties with a retired inconspicuous fold, and a produced 
spire, smooth or polished by attrition. We have here a goodly 
progeny of, as I believe, six pseudo-species from a single 
parent: I must be allowed to insist on this position with 
respect to C. pallida and its spurious offspring. I think it 
cannot be subverted. 
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