154 VERRILL 



On the proximal part of the rays of the latter there are three rows 

 of strong actinal plates, with a fourth rudimentary row close to the 

 base. The two outer rows usually bear two spines to a plate; the 

 two inner ones only one spine, so that there may be five or six spines 

 in each transverse series. But in the other specimen (a) the larger 

 proportion, both of the inferomarginal and actinal plates, bear only 

 one spine, so that the total number is much less; and they are also 

 less stout, a little tapered, and not so obtusely rounded at the tips, 

 so that they appear much more openly arranged and more regu- 

 lar. But in both, these ventral spines are rather large, elongated, 

 subequal, sulcate at the obtuse tips, often bent upward, and fre- 

 quently compressed when crowded. 



Each jaw bears a pair of strong, tapered, blunt teeth, stouter than 

 the adambulacrals, and an external strongly divergent pair, about 

 half as long; on the external end of the jaw-plates there is a close 

 pair of longer and more tapered spines. The next four or five 

 adambulacral plates (adorals) are closely crowded together, and 

 each usually bears a similar long, slender adoral spine. In many 

 specimens eight to ten adoral plates are monacanthid, but in the 

 largest example they become diplacanthid at about the fourth to 

 the sixth, varying on the different rays. 



The more distal adambulacral plates are pretty regularly dipla- 

 canthid. The two spines are nearly equal, and on the middle of the 

 rays are about equal in length to the actinals ; but toward the mouth 

 they gradually become much longer, more slender, and acute ; most of 

 them are tapered but not acute. They bear, above mid-height, large 

 clusters of forcipulate minor pedicellarias, with which some small 

 forficulate pedicellariae, of about the same size, are often inter- 

 mingled. 



Thick wreaths of clusters of minor pedicellariae also occur on all 

 the ventral and upper marginal spines, but only in small numbers on 

 the dorsals. They also occur as dermal pedicellariae, scattered over 

 the dorsal surface. 



Major pedicellariae are few on some specimens, but abundant on 

 others, especially on the lateral channels and on the adoral spines. 

 The largest are on the interradial areas. These are mostly ovate- 

 lanceolate, or regularly lanceolate, compressed, and have very acute 

 tips. Papulae are very numerous. 



Color, in life, is often bright rosy red or purplish. 



A small dried specimen (a) from Wrangel, Alaska, has all the 

 essential characters of the larger ones. Its radii are 8 mm. and 

 48 mm. to 55 mm. ; ratios, i : 6 or i : 7, according to the rays measured. 



