47 



At strengths of 20 and 25 per cent the results, on the whole, were 

 quite satisfactory and such as to warrant one in continuing to recom- 

 mend the use of kerosene (preferal)ly in soapenmlsion) for scale-infested 

 orchards in Georgia, when crude oil can not be conveniently procured. 

 The crude oil is cheaper and in practice appears to be considerably 

 more efficient, owing to the residuum with which the trees remain 

 coated for weeks after the application. 



Fuel oil. — This substance was purchased from the Standard Oil Com- 

 pany with the intention of using it cautiously on only a few trees. 

 On February IS, it l)ecame necessar}^ to leave the work for a day in 

 charge of the foreman, a white man, Avho was given explicit instruc- 

 tions for carrying out the experiment with crude oil in mechanical 

 mixture. Through mistake he got hold of the fuel oil and very care- 

 fully carried out the scheme of experiments, thinking that he was using 

 the high-grade crude oil. It was applied to about 1,000 trees in the 

 Rumph orchard. Unfortunatel}' the entire lot was used up before the 

 mistake was discovered and no record was made of its specific gravity. 

 It was applied at the rate of 10, 15, and 20 per cent as a first applica- 

 tion and at the same strengths as a second application where the high- 

 grade crude oil had been used a month before in corresponding 

 strengths. 



The results w^ere quite surprising, in that the trees sufi'ered no ap- 

 parent damage even where the 20 per cent strength followed as a 

 second application upon the high-grade oil. Some of the treated trees 

 were slightly backward in putting out foliage, but they soon became 

 vigorous and all indication of injury disappeared. The eti'ect upon 

 the scale was as good as that obtained with the high-grade oil. The 20 

 per cent strength killed more than 99 per cent of the scale and the 15 

 per cent strength appeared to be equally as etiective, while at 10 per 

 cent the vagaries of the pump became apparent in the results. 



Distillate emulsion. — Ten gallons of this substance was obtained 

 from California and used as recommended in that State. It was found 

 that a strength of 1 part of the emulsion to 1 parts of water was 

 reqidred for efficient work against the scale. The results from weaker 

 applications were unsatisfactory. The effect upon the treated trees 

 was slightly injurious, but in no case seriously so. 



SOAPS. 



All the brands of soap mentioned above were tested more or less 

 extensively, and to record the results from each would require too much 

 space here. 



The earlier applications (beginning December 2), except in the case 

 of one brand of soda soap, were general h" unsuccessful, owing, in part 

 at least, to adverse weather conditions immediately following. The 

 last series, of tests (made March 6) were quite satisfactory, less than 



