58 



Translation of Plate I. a 



Title: IT.LUSTRATIONS OF INJURIOTTS INSECTS. 



No. 12, Tstunaguro yokohai. Food i)lant, rice. 



[Translation.] No. 12, Tsamaynro yokohai {SelenocephaluH cincticeps); food plant, Ine 



(Oryza mtiva). 



Description op Insect and Illustration. 



The Tsnmaguro ynkohai belongs to the half-winged class of insects, and is the kind 

 known as a leaf-hopping insect. It has four or five broods a year, and is especially 

 an enemy of the rice fields, where it extracts the juices from this plant, killing it or 

 greatly lessening the yield. The male of this insect has the tips of the wings black, 

 but the tips of the wings of the female are uncolored. The eggs are placed beneath 

 or inside the sheath of the leaves of rice, from 10 to 20 together, and that part of the 

 leaf covering the eggs generally changes later to brown. The young insect appears 

 in two colors, one yellow and the other grayish black. When the rice comes into 

 head, these insects gather on the ripening grain and extract the juices to such an 

 extent that the seeds become a mere shell. During the winter this insect inhabits 

 grassy strips along the roads and paths, and is especially found on the grass AHtra- 

 gahia Idtoklex. To control this insect the rice seed-beds should be carefully planted 

 in narrow rectangles instead of in a solid mass, and all farmers should cooperate in 

 this respect. To collect and destroy the insects these beds may be gone over with 

 special collecting machines or by sprinkling the water covering the seed beds with 

 kerosene oil and brushing the insects into it. It is desirable to protect the parasitic 

 enemies of this pest. 



Explanation of illustration. — o, eggs, enlarged; b, single egg, still more enlarged; 

 c, young insect after the second molt; d, after the third molt; e, pupal stage; /, male 

 insect; (/, female insect; h, insects injuring the rice plant, natural size; ■/, discolora- 

 tion of leaves and stem of rice as result of work of this insect; j, bee parasite of egg, 

 greatly enlarged. [Japanese lettering rendered in English.] 



lettering op right side. 



Copyrighted. Printed 33d year Meiji, November 26; issued same year, December 2. 

 Price 15 cents. Illustration by Shichiro Ito. 



lettering op lept side. 



Author and publisher, Yasuchi Nawa, prefecture of Gifu, Gifu City. Printer, 

 Matsutaro Okuma. Place of publication. The Nawa Insect Laboratory, Gifu, Kyo- 

 machi. 



"The translation of Plates I and II was very kindly made for the writer by Mr. Masanao Hanihara, 

 third secretary of the Japanese Legation, Washington. 



