95 ' 



and jibdomen the posterior pair of leg's and feet was used, the same 

 hidicroiis motions l)eino- made in the operation. As ilhistrating- the 

 tenacity of life in this species, an individual was observed at (3.80 a. m. 

 with abdomen, win<»-s, and one posterior leo- gone, but it continued to 

 survive in this badly crippled condition until U a. m. of the same day. 



Anosla plexippas Fab. certainly migrated southward across Illinois 

 in swarms during September. Looking out from my library window 

 in Urbana, 111., at 3 p. m., September l!^, I saw hundreds of these 

 butterflies winging their way hither and yon, seeming to be gathering 

 together in the tree tops. The wind Avas brisk from the northwest, 

 temperature 55' F., and the sun shining unobscured. Light frost 

 during night of 12th, and it was not until about !) a. m. of the 13th 

 that the butterflies began to appear. They were, or seemed to l)e, 

 flying aimlessly about, but by 10 a. m. they had all disappeared, though 

 I was unable to witness their going, on account of other duties. 

 Swarms of these butterflies were reported at Milledgeville, Carroll 

 Count}^ about 100 miles to the northwest, on the 9th, and, later, at 

 Hoopston, to the northeast. The fact of a migration was shown by 

 the continued occurrence of these butterflies in their usual numbers in 

 this same locality during the rest of the month. 



Aphln mall Fitch. Usually, this is not a serious pest of the apple, 

 and in some cases it is reall}' more of a pest of the wheat fleld than of 

 the orchard. In the State experiment orchard at Orleans, in Indiana, 

 late in October, I had an opportunity of seeing just what the j)est was 

 capable of doing among ver}^ young apple trees. At that time there 

 were but few of the aphis on the young trees and these few were 

 mostly confined to the tips of the twigs where these had not already 

 been killed. In most cases, however, the little new growth that had 

 been put forth Avas devoid of healthy leaves, only stunted and dried 

 foliage and stems remaining. The rows of young trees looked as 

 though some one had weeks before passed along with a lighted torch 

 and scorched them, killing the new leaves and tender growth of twigs. 

 Just what this would mean in an experimental orchard of very 3'oung 

 trees can only be f ull}^ understood by those who have been engaged in 

 such work. 



The Hessian fly, notwithstanding its abundance in volunteer wheat, 

 has affected only the earlier-sown wheat. All over southern Indiana 

 and Illinois there is ample proof that September-sown wheat invites 

 the attack of the fly, and that wheat sown in theae localities after the 

 first week of October will, as a rule, suffer little from the attack of 

 this pest in the fall. Intelligent farmers are now watching the season 

 as well as the fly, and timing their sowing to fit these conditions. 



I do not recall that attention has been drawn to the fact that the red 

 rust of wheat is much more liable to attack fly-infested plants in the 

 fall than those not thus afl'ected. In the fall of 1900 all early-sown 



