CUCUMARIA. 39 
Fol. Phil. (1868) p. 271; Pourt. Bull. Mus. C. Z. i. (1869) p. 359 ; 
Mob. § Biitsch. JB. Comm. Kiel, ii. & iii. (1875) p. 151; Norman, 
Ann. & Mag. N. H. vi. (1880) p. 435; Hoffm. Niederl. Arch. f. 
Zool., Suppl. Bd. i. (1881) Leh. p. 17; Théel, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 
xi. (1882) p. 694 ; Lampert, Seewalzen, (1885) p. 166; Théel, Chall. 
Rep. Hol. (1886) p. 118. 
Cucumaria typica, Ludwig, Klass. u. Ordn. (1891) p. 344. 
Body very small, bowed on itself, the terminal seventh or eighth 
part very much narrower than the rest. Body-wall firm, owing to 
the presence of large, flat, calcareous scales (Pl. IV. fig. 1), which 
are perforated with a number of small holes and many of which 
have a projecting spine; these spines give a very characteristic 
hedgehog-like appearance. The podia completely developed in the 
three ventral rows, where they are set in a zigzag. 
Colour whitish. 
Size about half an inch. 
Distribution. Both sides of North Atlantic, extending from the 
Arctic Sea to the Bay of Biscay, and from 40—555 fms. 
a, 54° 1'N., 12° 14’ W., 422 fms, ‘Porcupine’ Exp. 
6. Cucumaria frondosa. (Plate LV. fig. 2. 
Holothuria frondosa, Gunnerus, Vet.-Akad. Hdlg. xxviii. (1767) 
p- 115, pl. iv. figs. 1 & 2; Linn. Syst. Nat. xii. (1767) p. 1089; O. 
FE’, Miller, Prod. Zool. Dan. (1776) p. 231; Fabricius, Faun. Grenl. 
(1780) p. 853; Lamk. An. s. Vert. iii. (1816) p. 73. 
Holothuria pentactes, O. F. Miiller, Prod, Zool. Dan. (1776) p. 232 ; 
Fabr. Faun. Grenl. (1780) p. 852; O. FL Miiller, Zool. Dan. i. 
(1788) p. 36, pl. xxxi. fig. 8; Adbdgaard, Zool. Dan. iii. (1789) 
p- 45, pl. evil. figs. 1-4; Vahl, in Rathke, Zool. Dan. iv. (1806) 
p. 3, pls. exxiil.—vil. 
Pentacta frondosa, Jiger, De Hol. (1833) p. 12; Maitland, Faun. 
Belg. (1851) p. 95; Stimpson, Inv. Grand Manan (1853) p. 16; 
Ayres, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sct. i. (1855) p. 68; Verrill, Proce. 
Bost. Soc. N. H. x. (1866) pp. 552 & 357 ; Rathbun, Fisheries US. 
(1884) p. 838. 
Cuvieria (?) frondosa, de Bl. Dict. Set. Nat. Ix. (1850) p. 173. 
Holothuria grandis, Lorbes § Goodsir, Atheneum, 1839, no. 618, 
. 647. 
Eislatiinsis fucicola, zd. ibid. 
Cucumaria frondosa, Forbes, Brit. Starf. (1841) p. 209; Did. § Kor. 
Vet.-Akad. Hdlg. 1844 (1846), p. 293, pl. iv. fig. 1; Liithen, Vid. 
Medd. 1857, p. 2; McAndrew § Barrett, Ann. § Mag. xx. (1857) 
p. 48; Sars, Norg. Ech. (1861) p. 100; Selenka, Zeit. wiss. Zool. xvii. 
(1867) p. 347, pl. xix. fig. 102; Semper, Hol. Phil. (1868) pp. 234 
& 268; Norman, Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1868 (1869), p. 316 ; Pourtales, 
Bull. Mus. C. Z. i. (1869) p. 359; Duncan § Sladen, Arctic Echin. 
(1883) p. 2, pl. i. figs. 1 & 2; Ludwig, Notes Leyden Mus. iv. 
(1882) p. 129; Jensen, Arch. Biol. iv. (1883) p. 74; Lampert, 
Seewalzen, (1885) p. 185; Théel, Chall. Rep. Hol. (1886) p. 110. 
Botryodactyla grandis, Ayres, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. iv. (1852 
. 52. 
Beiedactyla affinis [n. n.], ad. tom. eit. p. 145, 
