48 HOLOTHURIOIDEA. 
6. HOLOTHURIA. 
Holothuria (pars), Linn. Syst. Nat. xii. (1767) p. 1089; Gunnerus, 
Act, Holm. 1767, p. 115; O. F. Miill. Prod. Zool. Dan. 1776, p. 281 ; 
Lamk. An. s. Vert. (1801) p. 851; Cuvier, Regne An. (1821) p. 310; 
de Bl, Dict. Sci. Nat. xxi. (1821) p. 310; Jager, De Hol. (1833) 
p- 21; de Bl. Act. (1884) p. 192; Brandt, Prodr. deser, An, (1835) 
. 53. 
Actinia, Pallas, Misc. Zool. 1766, p. 152 (non Linneus). 
Holothuria, Goldfuss, Zoologie, (1820) p. 177; Dub. §& Kor, Vet. Ak. 
Hadlg. 1844 (1846), p. 318; Selenka, Zeits. f. w. Zool. xvii. (1867) 
p- 821; Semp. Hol. Phil. (1868) p. 77; Lampert, Seewalz. (1885) 
p. 16; Théel, Chall. Rep. Hol. (1886) p. 202; Bell, Ann. § Mag. 
vill. (1891) p. 108; Ludwiy, Bronn’s Kl. u. Ordn. i. (1891) p. 829. 
Fistularia, Zamk. An. s. Vert. iii. (1816) p. 74. 
Aspidochirote Holothurians with twenty tentacles, more or less, 
without anal “teeth” as in <Actinopyga, or C-shaped deposits as in 
Stichopus ; the genital tubes in one tuft ; the podia usually scattered, 
sometimes in the form of pedicels, sometimes of papille. 
Key to the Species. 
Bedtcelsionlliy > <x.t sew core le orerele we siete ey etereuer cea e oleic lerey = 1. H. intestinalis. 
Redicelsrand papillae eine eiteriaretael ate a ictetsiern ie ates 2. H. tremula. 
Pedicels almost entirely ventral........5.......0- 3. HH, nigra. 
Two rows of pedicels on either side of the body .... 4. H. aspera. 
1. Holothuria intestinalis. (Plate VI. fig. 3.) 
Holothuria intestinalis, Ascanius & Rathke, Icones, v. (1805) pl. xlv. ; 
Diib. § Kor, Vet.-Akad. Hdlg. 1844 (1846), p. 321, pl. iv. figs. 
23-33; Forbes § Goodsir, Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin. xx. (1853) 
p. 309, pl. ix. fig. 1; Sars, Norg. Heh. (1861) p. 118; Norman, 
Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1866 (1867), p. 195; Jarzynsky, Trans. Petersb. 
Soc. Nat.i. (1870) p. 819; Marenzeller, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 
xxvil. (1877) p. 121; Lampert, Seewalzen, (1885) p. 60; Théel, 
Chall. Rep. Hol. (1886) p. 209. 
Fistularia mollis, Sars, Beskriv. og Jagttag. (1835) p. 40. 
Thyonidium scabrum, Sars, Forh. Vid. Selsk. Christ. 1867 (1868), 
p- 19; G. O. Sars, op. cit. 1871 (1872), p. 27 £. n. 
Body elongated; skin wrinkled, often entangling debris of sand 
and shell, a little rough to the touch; podia numerous, scattered, 
larger on the dorsal than the ventral surface. Deposits in the form 
of tables only ; these have a disk with a central hole and about ten 
perforations round it, with perhaps some smaller; margin of disk 
wavy ; spire well-developed, with a transverse bar, and terminating 
in short spines. 
Colour yellowish in spirit. 
Size up to 9 or 10 inches in length; breadth one third to one 
fourth the length. 
Distribution. Kastern side of North Atlantic, from British Islands 
northwards ; White Sea. To 672 fms. 
