76 ASTEROIDEA. 
line; interbrachial angles rounded. The two sets of marginals 
equal in number—about thirty on either side of each arm, uniformly 
and rather coarsely granulated. Ambulacra narrow, bounded by 
a set of seven to ten spines, outside which is a set of less numerous 
but shorter spines, and beyond these there are scattered spiniform 
granules. The intermediate plates are covered by stout spiny 
granules and are of moderate size. The intermediate plates of the 
dorsal surface tend to be hexagonal in form and are covered with 
rounded or knob-like granules. The madreporite is distinct but 
has no special boundary of spines. Pedicellariz: are few and small. 
Colour, in spirit, white; dried, light brick, darker on disk above 
and below. 
Breadth of Height of 
R. rT. arm at base, ditto. 
110 26 15 11 (4-armed spec.) 
101 26 18 9 
83 24 14 7:5 
WA 18 13:5 gf 
Distribution. West Indies; south-west of the Canary Islands; 
south-west of Ireland. 163-1525 fms. 
a-e. South-west coast of Treland, 515 fms. (one ‘Flying Fox’ Exp. 
four-rayed). 
Incerte sedis. 
3. HIPPASTERIAS. 
Hippasteria, Gray, Ann. § Mag. vi. (1840) p. 279; Perr. Arch. Zool. 
exp. V. (1876) p. 86; Viguier, op. cit. vii. (1878) p. 176. 
Goniaster (pars), dg. Mém. Soe. Neuchdt. i. (1836) p. 191; Forbes, 
brit. Starf. (1841) p. 122; Norm. Ann. §& Mag. xv. (1865) p. 123. 
Astrogonium, M. Tr. Syst. Ast. (1842) p. 52 (pars). 
Arms extending a little or no distance beyond the disk ; marginals 
indistinct. Intermediate plates of both surfaces covered with pro- 
tuberant rounded granules, among which are scattered, more thickly 
on the ventral surface, large sessile bivalved pedicellariz. Spines 
replaced by tubercles, except in the ambulacral grooves, where the 
spines are very stout and have broad ends. 
1. Hippasterias phrygiana. 
Asterias equestris (pars), Linn. Syst. Nat. xii. (1766), p.1100; Lamk. 
An. s. Vert. ii. (1816) p. 555. 
Asterias phrygiana, Parelius, Norsk. Vid. Selsk. Skrifter, iv. 1768, 
p. 425, pl. xiv. figs. 1 & 2; Miill. Prod. Zool. Dan. (1776) p. 234, 
no. 2829; L., Gmel. Syst. Nat. xiii. (1788) p. 3163. 
Goniaster phrygianus, dg. Mém. Soc. Neuchatel, i. (1836) p. 191; 
Scott, Ann, Scot. Nat. Hist. i. (1892) p. 49. 
Asterias johustoni, Gray, Loudon’s Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. (1836) p. 146. 
Hippasterias plana, H. europxa, H. johnstoni, Gray, Ann. & Mag. 
vi. (1841) p. 279. 
