SOLASTER. 89 
Crossaster, M. Tr. Ber, Ak, Berl. (1840) p. 103. 
Solaster and Crossaster, Sladen, Chall. Rep. Ast. (1889) p. 442. 
Lophaster, Verrill, Amer. Journ, Sci. xvi. (1878) p. 214. 
Rays five or more; marginal plates more or less well developed, 
but concealed by the skin. External plates beset with penicilli- 
form paxill, the spaces between which contain papule of variable 
number. 
Key to the Species. 
ive twelve Or TOTO.) tess. s se ees bem an 1. S. papposus. 
Rays less than twelve, but more than five .... 2. S. endeca. 
RSC ain iG dere oie = acai wn see date eg le wot eteg RRR 
1. Solaster papposus. 
Asterias helianthemoides (?), Penn. Brit. Zool. (1777) iv. p. 56. 
Asterias papposa, Fabr. Faun. Grenl. (1780) n. 364; Gmel. Syst. 
Nat. (1788) p. 8160; Lamk. An. s. Vert. (1816) ii. p. 559; Flem. 
Brit, An. (1828) p. 487; de Bl. Man. d’ Act. (1854) p. 241; John- 
ston, Loudon’s May. N. H. ix. (1836) p. 474, tig. 69. 
Stellonia papposa, dy. Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Neuchdtel, i. (1856) 
. 192. 
Solaster papposa, Forbes, Mem. Wern. Soc. viii. (1839) p. 121; ad. Brit 
Starf. (1840) p. 112; Thompson, Nat. Hist. Irel. iv. (1856) p, 440, 
Solaster (Polyaster) papposa, Gray, Ann. § Mag. vi. (1840) p. 183; 
id. Brit. Rad. (1848) p. 19. 
Crossaster papposus, MW. Tr. Arch. f. Nat. vi. (1840) p. 183; Verr. 
Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. x. (1866) pp. 845 & 356; A. Ag. Mem. Mus. 
C. Z.v. (1877) p. 99, pl. xii.; Dunc. § Slad. Arct. Echinod, (1881) 
. 36, pl. iii. figs. 1-4. 
Ssawas papposus, VM. Ti. Syst. Ast. (1842) p. 26; Liith. Vid. Medd, 
1857, p. 40; Duj. § Hup. Echinod. (1862) p. 353; Norman, Ann. 
§ Mag. xv. (1865) p. 122; Hodge, Nat. Hist. Trans. Northumb. § 
Durh, iv. (1872) p. 1384; Perr. Arch. Zool. expér. iv. (1875) 
p- 358 ; Viguier, Arch. Zool. expér. vii. (1878) p. 134; Kor. § Dan, 
Norske Nordhavs Exp. Ast, (1884) p. 48. 
R = 2r (nearly). 
Arms twelve to fifteen; spines arranged in distinct tufts, sepa- 
rated from one another by their own width or more; more closely 
packed on disk than on arms. Lateral spines prominent. Varies 
considerably in colour; arms proportionately longer with age. 
R=110; r=45. 
R= 98; r=45. 
R= 89; r=39. 
R= 68; r=31. 
R= 47: r=20°5. 
R= 27; r=14. 
Distribution. Both sides of North Atlantic, as far south as 
Massachusetts and French coasts; Arctic Ocean. To 640 fms. 
* See var. septentrionalis, p. 90, 
