ECHINOIDEA. 139 
ECHINOIDEA (see p. 27). 
CIDARID/ (see p. 29). 
CIDARIS. 
Cidaris, Leske (ex Klein), Addit. (1778) p. 42 (pars) ; Gray, Ann. Philos. 
xxvl. (1825) p. 426; Ag. § Des. Ann. Sc. Nat. vi. (1846) p. 325; 
J. Mill. Abhl. k. Ak. Wiss. Berl. 1853 (1854) p. 123; Desor, Syn. Ech. 
Joss. p. 3; Stewart, Q. J. M. S. xi. (1871) p. 51; A. Ag. Rev. Ech. 
(1872-4) p. 252 ; ed. Chall. Rep. 1881, p. 33; Loven, Bih. K. Svensk. 
Vet.- Akad. Hdig. xiii. (1887(8}) iv. no. 5, p. 138; Duncan, J. Linn. 
Soc. xxiii. (1889) p. 27. 
Cidarites, Lamk. An. s. Vert. iii. (1816) p. 52. 
Kocidaris, Desor, Syn. Ech. foss. (1858) p. 155. 
Rabdocidaris, 7d. op. cit. p. 89; Rhabdocidaris, De Loriol, Mém. Soc. 
Phys. Geneve, xxviii. no. 8 (1885) p. 7. 
Leiocidaris, 2d. op. eit. p. 48. 
Porocidaris, 2d. op. cit. p. 46; Wyv. Thoms. Phil. Trans. elxiv. (1874) 
. 726. 
Phyllacanthus (subg.), Brandt, Prodr. descr. Anim. (1835) p. 67. 
Gymnocidaris, A. Ag. Bull. M. C. Z. i. (1863) p. 17. 
Orthocidaris, ¢d. ibid. 
Temnocidaris, zd. ¢. ec. p. 18. 
Prionocidaris, 7d. ced. 
Stephanocidaris, 7d. aid. 
Chondrocidaris, td. zbid. 
Dorocidaris (subg.), 7d. Rev. Ech. (1872) p. 254. 
Schleinitzia, Studer, MB, Ak. Berl. 1876, p. 463. 
Discocidaris (subg.), Doderlein, Arch. f. Naturg. 1885, p. 82. 
_ Test stout, turban-shaped, flattened above and below; ambu- 
lacral aree slightly sinuous, about one-fourth the breadth of the 
interambulacral ares ; the plates of the latter are not numerous, 
and each has its centre occupied by a large primary tubercle. This 
is frequently perforated at its tip, but it may not be, and the base 
may or may not be crenulated. 
A large number of generic forms have been quite unnecessarily 
distinguished, as the synonymy of the genus shows. 
Key to the Species. 
Peristome nearly as large as calycinal area.......... 1. C. papillata. 
Peristome much smaller than calycinal area ........ 2. C. purpurata. 
PROUT URAL A POCLOR Aes ds taste eae ee cle dsls « s 3. C. gracilis, 
1. Cidaris papillata. 
Cidaris papillata, Leske, Addit. (1778) p. 61, pl. xxxix. fig. 2; Flem. 
Brit. An. (1828) p. 477; Forbes, Brit. Starf. (1841) p. 146; 
Philippi, Avch. f. Nat. 1845, p. 353; Dib. § Kor. Vet.-Ak. 
Hadlg. 1844 (1846), p. 255, pl. ix. figs. 25-30; Ag. Ann. Set. Nat. 
vi. (1846) p. 524; Gray, Brit. Rad. (1848) p.2; Sars, Norg. Ech. 
(1861) p. 98; Lovén, Vet.-Ak. Hdlg. xi. 7. (1874) pl. xx.; 
Wyv. Thoms. Phil. Trans. elxiv. (1874) p. 722, pl. lix. figs. 1-13, 
Echinus cidaris, ? var. a, Sowerby, Brit. Mise. (1805) p. 89, pl. 44. 
Cidarites papillata, Desmoul. Syn. Ech. (1837) p. 320. 
