150 ECHEINOIDEA. 
The spines vary somewhat, but a length of about 12 mm. is 
probably common among the primary spines of average-sized 
examples. 
Distribution. Bay of Biscay, West coasts of Ireland and Scotland. 
a-c, 28 miles W., 3S. of Dursley Head, 108 fms. Royal Irish Academy. 
d—f. 45 miles of Blackrock, 500 tms. Royal Dublin Soc. 
g-). S.W. coast of Ireland, 110 fms. ‘ Flying Fox’ Exp. 
k-p. 5. W. coast of Ireland, 180 fms. ‘Flying Fox’ Exp. 
q. S.W. coast of Ireland, 500 fms. ‘Flying Fox’ Exp. 
4. Echinus miliaris. 
Echinus miliaris*, Z., Gmel. Syst. Nat. xiii. (1778) p. 3169 ; Lamk. 
An. s. Vert. iii. (1816) p. 49; de Bl. Dict. Sei. Nat. xxxvii. (1825) 
p- 80; Desmoul. Etudes (1857) p. 272; Ag. im Val. Anat. Echin. 
(1841) p. vi; Forbes, Brit. Starf. (1841) p. 161; Gray, Brit. Rad. 
(1848) p. 38; Maitland, Faun. Belg. (1851) p. 94; Thompson, Nat. 
Hist. Irel. iv. (1856) p. 441 ; Sars, Norg. Ech. (1861) p.94; A. Ag. 
Rev. Ech. (1872-74) pp. 125 & 495; Mob. § Biitschh, JB. Comm. 
Kiel, ii. & iii. (1875) p. 149. 
Echinus (Psammechinus) miliaris, 4g. § Desor, An. Sct. Nat. vi. 
(1846) p. 368. 
Psammechinus miliaris, Desor, Syn. Ech. foss. (1855) p. 119, pl. xviii. 
fig.5; Duj. § Hup. Ech. (1862) p. 526; Perr. Ann. Sct. Nat. xiii. 
(1870) p. 41; Fischer, Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, xxviii. (1869) 
p. 370; Barr. Cat. Crust. (1882) p. 44. 
Echinus saxatilis, O. F. Mill. Zool. Dan. Prod. (1776) p. 235 (non 
LTinn., nec Fabr.). 
Cidaris saxatilis, Leske, Addit. (1778) p. 18. 
Kchinus pustulatus, dg. am Val. Anat. Ech. (1841) p. vi. 
Psammechinus pustulatus, Day. § Hup. Echin. (1862) p. 527. 
Kehinus virens, Dub. § Kor, Vet.-Akad, Hdlg. 1844 (1846), p. 274, 
pl. x. figs. 43-45. 
Echinus (Psammechinus) koreni, 4g. § Desor, Ann. Sci. Nat. vi. 
(1846) p. 368. 
Primary spines rather short, longest at the ambitus, pretty 
numerous, slightly tapering, finely ribbed, and often purple at the tip. 
A considerable number of secondary spines, similar to but smaller 
than the primary. 
Test stout, with a quantity of tubercles, markedly pentangular, 
but more so in adults than young, more or less depressed above, 
never at all high; peristome rather large, pentagonal in adult, its 
membrane armed with a number of small scales. Calycinal area 
moderate, all the radials excluded from the rather large periproct ; 
the pores in both radials and interradials well marked ; madreporite 
sometimes a good deal swollen. 
In the interambulacra there are about twenty plates, each of 
which, both below and above the ambitus, carries a distinct primary 
* The references by A. Agassiz (Rev. Heh. p. 125) to “ Mill. 1771, Knorr, 
Del.,” and by Hoyle (Proc. R. Phys. Soe. Ed. x. p. 417), “ P. L. S. Miller in 
Knorr, Delic. Nat. Select. pl. D” [for which read D. ii. 5, p. 108], appear to be to 
a nomen nudum. 
