160 ECHINOIDEA. 
Specimens about 70 mm. in diameter have the longest spines 
between 9 and 10 mm. long; but the spines are little, if at all, shorter 
in examples with a diameter of 50 mm. The spines vary more in 
colour than in their other characters. 
Within the British area this species is only found in the Channel 
Islands. 
Distribution. Coasts of France, Spain, and Portugal; Mediter- 
ranean. Q-d37 fms. 
a. Herm. T. H. Powell, Esq. 
b, Herm. R. L, Spencer, Esq. 
CLYPEASTRID & (see p. 31). 
ECHINOCYAMUS. 
Kchinocyamus, Van Phelsum (1774), Brief aan C. Nozeman, (1774) 
p. 131, pls. 1 & 2; Ag. Mon. Seut. (1841) p. 125; A. Ag. Rev. Lich. 
(1872) pp. 111 & 304; Dune. J. Linn. Soc, xxiii. (1889) p. 144. 
Spatagus, O. F. Mill. Prod. Zool. Dan. (1776) p. 236 (pars). 
Kehinus, Z., Gmelin, Syst. Nat. (1789) p. 8168 (pars). 
Fibularia, Lamk. An. s. Vert. (1816) p. 16 (pars). 
Test small, rather thick; ambulacra short, wider than the inter- 
ambulacra ; anus round, midway between mouth and hinder margin ; 
tubercles small, set in depressions. 
1. Echinocyamus pusillus. (Plate XVI. figs. 8 & 9.) 
Spatagus pusillus, O. F. Mull. Prod. Zool. Dan. (1776) p. 236; Abilg. 
Zool. Dan. iii. (1789) p. 18, pl. xci. figs. 5 & 6. 
Kchinocyamus angulosus, Leske, Add. p. 151; Ag. Mon. Scut. (1841) 
p. 180, pl. 27. figs. 14-18; Dib. § Kor. Vet.-Akad. Hdlg. 1844 
(1846), p.279; Ag. § Des. Ann. Sct. Nat. vii. (1847) p. 140; Sars, 
Norg. Ech. (1861) p. 95; Duj. § Hup. Echin. (1862) p. 556. 
Echinus pulvinulus, Penn. Brit. Zool. iv. (1812) p. 140. 
Kchinocyamus pusillus, Gray, Ann. Phil. xxvi. (1825) p. 428; Fem. 
Brit. An. (1828) p. 481; Ag. Mon. Scut. (1841) p. 128, pl. 27. 
figs. 1-8; Forbes, brit. Starf. (1841) p.175; Phil. Arch. f. Nat. 
1245, i. p. 356 [on its variation]; Gray, Brit. Rad. (1848) p. 5; 
Gray, Cat. Rec. Ech. (1855) p. 28; Thompson, Nat. Hist. Irel. iv. 
(1856) p. 441; Sars, Nyt Mag. x. (1859) p. 60; Heller, Zooph. § 
Echin. Adriat. (1868) p. 66; Modge, Tr. North. § Durh. iv. (1872) 
p- 140; Al. Ag. Rev. Ech. (1872) pp. 111 & 304; Mob. & Biitsch, 
JB. Comm. Keel, ii. & ii. (1876) p. 149; Ludwig, Mitth. zool. Stat. 
Neap. i. (1879) p. 559; Koehler, Ann. Mus. Marseille, 1. 3. (1885) 
p. 127; Carus, Prod, Faun. Mediter, (1884) p. 101. 
Fibularia tarentina, Lamk. An. s. Vert. i. (1816) p. 17; Risso, Eur. 
Meérid. v. (1826) p. 283. 
Clypeaster pulvinulus, Van den Ende, Nat. Verh. Hollandsche 
Maatsch. xvi. 2. (1828) p. 801. 
Fibularia pusillus, Maitland, Faun. Belg. septent. (1851) p. 92. 
