SPATANGUS. 167 
a, b. 60° 32’ N., 0° 29’ W.; 60° 28’ N., ‘Porcupine’ Exp. 
0° 33’ E. 
c-f. 59° 41'N., 7° 34’ W., 458 fms. ‘Porcupine’ Exp. 
gy. Loch Lorn, 50-70 fms. John Murray, Esq. 
h-q. Near Trench and Kilbrennan Sounds, John Murray, Esq. 
10-14 fms. 
r-z. Sanda Sound, 22 fms. John Murray, Exq. 
a’, 40 miles off Achill Head, 220 fms. R. Dublin Soe. 
b', OF S.W. coast of Ireland, 200 fms. G. C. Bourne, Esq. 
e', d’. Off S.W. coast of Ireland, 50-G0fms,  ‘ Flying Fox’ Exp. 
e’. Irish Sea. Prof. KE. Forbes. 
Sf’, g'. Off Liverpool. 
h'. Fishery-ground west of Lundy. 
v. Scilly. 
J, k'. Jersey. 
U-n'. Channel Islands, T. H. Powell, Esq. 
o'-q'. Plymouth. 
r'. South coast of England. B. B. Woodward, Ksq. 
s'. Berwick Bay. Dr. G. Johnston. 
t'-xz'. Montrose (July 11 & 16, 1889). W. Duncan, Esq. 
y', z'. Cromarty and Moray Friths. Dr. A. Sutherland. 
a’, b''. British seas. 
2. Spatangus raschi. (Plate XVI. fig. 11.) 
Spatangus raschi, Lovén, Qifvers. Vet.-Akad. Stockholm, 1869, p. 733, 
pl. xiii.; Al. Ag. Rev. Ech. (1872-3) pp. 159 & 567 ; Wyv. Thoms. 
Phil. Trans. clxiv. (1874) p. 750 ; Al. Ag. Chall. Ech. (1881) p.171; 
Bell, Ann. § Mag. iv. (1889) p. 442. 
Test rather narrowly heart-shaped, high, with rather well-marked 
edge ; the lower lip sharply angulated at its free edge. The spines 
purplish, none particularly prominent in length or strength; the 
whole test above regularly covered with spines, the smaller of which 
are evenly disposed among the larger; all seem to be covered, and 
all are directed backwards. On the lower surface the spines are 
scarcer, finer, and whiter. No subanal tufts. It must, however, 
be noted that in some specimens the spines may be as long and as 
prominent as in examples of S. purpureus of the same size; in 
others they are more ordinarily both smaller and less conspicuous. 
The shape of the test is very variable, the height being to the 
length from 60 to 100 to 75 to 100, and there is some variation in 
the rounding of the contour; but, as a rule, the test rises more 
abruptly and higher than in S. purpureus, and the contour is more 
circular. 
The ambulacral petals are narrower than in S. purpureus, and 
there is not, in adults, so marked a difference between the pores of a 
pair. The madreporite is rather less prominent. Mouth wide and 
large, the oral region more, sometimes much more, depressed and the 
lower lip more pointed and convexly curved than in S. purpureus. 
Subanal fasciole quite obscure, not constricted in the middle. The 
anus looks more downwards than backwards. The longer primary 
tubercles are less restricted in distribution than in S. purpureus, 
but they are not so large or so prominent, though more numerous. 
