268 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 
Asterias tessellata (pars), Lamarck, 1816, Hist, nat. anim. s. vert., t. i. p. 552. 
Goniaster cuspidatus, Gray, 1840, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. vi. p. 280. 
Astrogonium cuspidatum, Miiller and Troschel, 1842, System der Asteriden, p. 56. 
Goniaster semilunatus, von Martens, 1866, Archiv f. Naturg., Jahrg. xxxii., Bd. i. p. 86. 
Astrogonium dubium, Perrier, 1869, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Zool.), 5e Série, t. xii. p. 277. 
Goniaster americanus, Vertill, 1871, Amer. Journ. Sci. and Arts, vol. ii. p. 130. 
Goniaster africanus, Verrill, 1871, Amer. Journ. Sci. and Arts, vol. ii. p. 131. 
Astrogonium semilunatum, Perrier, 1885, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Zool.), vol. xix. No. 8, p. 37. 
Locahty.—St Vincent, Cape Verde Islands. 
Remarks.—A single small example was obtained during the Challenger Expedition, in 
which the rays are comparatively longer than in larger-sized specimens, but this circum- 
stance is probably consequent on its immaturity. 
This species is very widely distributed, being found on each side of the Atlantic, 
occurring off the west coast of Africa (off Senegal, Goree, Cape Verde Islands, and Bissagos 
Islands), and, on the American side, off the coasts of Brazil and South Carolina. It has 
also been collected off the coast of China and off Zanzibar. 
In the Berlin Museum there is a specimen bearing the locality record ‘‘ Ostindien,” from 
Schénlien’s collection, which is probably the example described by Miiller and Troschel. 
The species is also stated by von Martens' to have been obtained at Celebes by Schénlein. 
A remarkably fine series of examples from nearly all the above mentioned widely 
separated localities has been studied carefully by Prof. Perrier, who states that he is unable 
to point out any character by which these forms may be distinguished specifically. 
2. Pentagonaster granularis, Retzius, sp. 
Asterias granularis, Retzius, 1783, K. Vet. Acad. Nya Handlingar, Stockholm, t. iv. p. 238. 
Asterias granularis, Abildgaard, 1789, O. F. Miiller, Zool. Dan., vol. iii. p. 19, tab. xcii., figs. 1-4. 
Asterias tessellata (pars), Lamarck, 1816, Hist. nat. anim. s. vert., t. ii. p. 552. 
Astrogonium granulare, Miiller and Troschel, 1842, System der Asteriden, p. 57. 
Astrogonium boreale, Barrett, 1857, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 2nd ser., vol. xx. p. 47, pl iv., figs. 
5 a, 6. 
Goniaster granularis, Liitken, 1865, Videnskab. Medd. naturh. Foren. i Kjgbenhavn for 1864, p. 146. 
Pentagonaster (Astrogonium) granularis, Perrier, 1876, Révis. Stell. Mus., p. 224 (Archives de Zool. 
expér., t. v. p. 40). 
Localities.—Challenger Expedition : 
Station 49. Off the coast of the United States, south of Halifax, Nova Scotia. May 
20, 1873. Lat. 43° 3’ 0” N., long. 63° 390” W. Depth 85 fathoms. Gravel, stones. 
Bottom temperature 35°-0 Fahr.; surface temperature 40°°5 Fahr. 
“ Porcupine” Expedition : 
Station 51 (1869). In the Faerdée Channel. Lat. 60° 6’ N., long. 8° 14’ W. Depth 
440 fathoms. Bottom temperature 5°°5 C.; surface temperature 10°:9 C. 
Remarks.—This species is found on both sides of the northern area of the Atlantic. 
1 Archiv f. Naturg., 1866, Jahrg. xxxii, Bd. i., p. 86. 
