272 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 
able for only showing convoluted striz on the bevelled margins of the body, the whole of 
the central area being covered with very numerous small oblong pits. 
Colour in alcohol, a bleached yellowish white, with a slight brownish shade. 
Individual Variation.—In a rather smaller example than that described above, R= 56 
mm., and from the same locality (Station 313), it is noteworthy that all the infero-marginal 
plates, excepting only the last two or three, have a well-developed oval naked space. In 
this specimen there is some irregularity both in the size and in the position of the large 
papilliform granules on the adambulacral plates which immediately succeed the furrow 
series, and sometimes only two are present. 
Locational Variation.—A series of specimens from Station 311 are all much smaller 
in size than the type described, the largest measuring only R=37 mm. In these the tips 
of the rays are slightly more definitely pointed, and all the infero-marginal plates have 
naked spaces, excepting only in some instances two or three plates at the tip. The naked 
spaces appear to be relatively larger in some of the smaller examples, but considerable 
variation is shown in the series in this respect ; and I am therefore unable to say definitely 
that the size of this area diminishes with age, although I am disposed to think that such 
is the case. It is remarkable that none of the specimens from this locality (Station 311) 
have any pedicellarie on the actinal surface. In the smallest example, which measures 
R=26 mm.,r=15 mm., there are eleven supero-marginal plates, counting from the 
median interradial line to the extremity. 
Localities.—Station 313. Near the Atlantic entrance to the Strait of Magellan. 
January 20,1876. Lat. 52° 20’ 0”S., long. 67° 39’ 0” W. Depth 55 fathoms. Sand. 
Bottom temperature 47°°8 Fahr. ; surface temperature 48°°2 Fahr. 
Station 311. Off the entrance to Smyth Channel. January 11, 1876. Lat. 52° 45’ 
30” §., long. 73° 46’ 0” W. Depth 245 fathoms. Blue mud. Bottom temperature 
46°0 Fahr. ; surface temperature 50°:0 Fahr. 
5. Pentagonaster japonicus, n. sp. (Pl. XLVI. figs. 1 and 2; Pl. XLIX. figs. 1 and 2). 
Rays five R=68mm.,7=50 mm. R=1367. The minor radius is thus in the 
proportion of about 73 per cent. 
Body of large size. General form depressed and thin. Abactinal area slightly convex 
and capable of being more or less inflated, the inflation being greatest in the radial regions, 
and emphasised by a conspicuous but shallow sulcus which traverses the interradial 
lines, but terminates at a short distance from the centre. The interradial channels are of 
uniform breadth, well defined and smooth, their character and regularity suggesting— 
fancifully, of course—the appearance of a mark produced by the pressure of a heated 
cylinder. The marginal contour has the form of an almost regular pentagon, with the 
sides very slightly incurved, the incurvature being produced more by a slight prolongation 
