288 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 
Islands, those from the two last-named localities being nearly all young forms. The 
majority of the examples from Kerguelen are considerably larger than the type form 
described by Mr. Smith, which was also collected at Kerguelen, during the sojourn of the 
Transit of Venus Expedition in 1875. The largest specimen dredged by the Challenger 
measures R= 68-70 mm.; r=27 mm.; another example, R=60 mm.; r=23 mm. I 
have figured one of these examples. 
I have failed to detect any pedicellariz in this species, although it is distinctly stated 
in Mr. Smith’s diagnosis that numerous large ones occur in the interspaces between the 
paxille on the abactinal area. Numerous large and conspicuous papule are present in 
all these interspaces, and I venture to suggest with little hesitation that these are the 
organs referred to, the word “ pedicellariis” having probably slipped in inadvertently. 
Young Phase.—The small examples taken off Marion and Heard Islands exhibit so 
unmistakably the characters of the adult, that I feel little or no hesitation in assigning 
them to this species, notwithstanding their being found in association with Gnathaster 
elongatus. It is to be confessed, however, that I should have shrunk from expressing an 
opinion so definitely if the young of Gnathaster elongatus had been unknown, but fortu- 
nately small examples of that species were found at Marion Island and Kerguelen, which on 
their part resemble so characteristically the adult form of their species, and are so readily 
distinguishable from the young examples of the same size of Gnathaster meridionalis, as 
to place the question almost beyond doubt. I have given figures of the young of both 
species, see P]. XIX. and Pl. XLVIII. The adult forms are drawn on Pl. XLVII. and 
PL XLYODU, 
2. Gnathaster elongatus, n. sp. (Pl. XLVIII. figs. 1-4; Pl. XLIX. figs. 5-10; Pl. 
XIX. figs. 5 and 6). 
Rays five R=56 mm.; r=16°5 mm. (Another example, R=62 mm.; r=17 
mm.) R-=3'5 r approximately. Breadth of a ray between the second and third supero- 
marginal plates, 14°5 mm. 
Rays long, narrow throughout and tapering for the genus. General form subdepressed. 
Abactinal area capable of slight inflation, often producing the effect of carination along 
the ray. Actinal area subconvex, especially apparent along the ray. Margin thin but 
rounded outwardly. Interbrachial ares wide and open, but often with a slight tendency 
to become angular at the summit of the are. 
The whole abactinal paxillar area is covered with low and rather distinctly spaced 
pseudo-paxillz, leaving small spaces for the protrusion of the papule. The crown or 
tabulum of the paxilla is subcircular and bears nine to twelve or more very short papilli- 
form granules, of which one to three are central; these are coarse, subprismatic, roundly 
truncate, all perfectly uniform in height, size, and character, and are not specially crowded 
