312 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 
ray are separated from the corresponding series on the other side only by a single con- 
tinuous series of small rectangular plates which occupies the median abactinal line and 
extends to the extremity. The breadth of the supero-marginal plates is greater than the 
length throughout the whole ray, all being remarkably short. In the innermost plates the 
breadth is greater than twice the leneth—approximately in the proportion of 5: 2; the breadth 
increases up to the fourth plate, which is the largest and stands at the base of the ray ; 
outward from this plate the breadth gradually diminishes until at the extremity its pro- 
portion to the length is not greater than 3:2, and may be less. The length diminishes 
very slightly and gradually as the plates proceed along the ray, being near the middle of 
the ray very little less than at the interradial line; the twenty-eighth and twenty-ninth 
plates together measure the same length as the innermost plate. The surface of the plates 
presents no median tumidity, and it slopes gradually from the inner end until near the 
margin, where the curvature becomes more rapid, the outline in section being a depressed 
oval. The surface of the plates is covered with a minute uniform miliary granulation, 
rather widely spaced and disposed without definite order. Along the margins of the plate 
is a regular lineal series of uniform granules, rather larger than the rest, which have the 
appearance of being subprismatic and truncate, whilst the others are semiglobular. The 
plates are separated by a narrow but distinct furrow. 
The infero-marginal plates correspond exactly to the superior series, all beyond the 
third are contiguous with the adambulacral plates, and, excepting those in the disk proper, 
their breadth is much less than that of the superior series. Their surface is covered with 
minute papilliform granules whose posture upon the plate is somewhat oblique and directed 
outward, and with a decided tendency to become squamiform; they are tolerably well 
spaced and without definite order of arrangement, except at the margins, where a lineal 
series is regularly maintained and arches over the furrow between adjacent plates. On 
five or six plates on each side of the median interradial line there is a median series of four 
or five small, compressed, tapering, and sharply pointed spinelets, of equal size and at wide 
distances apart ; still so small that they are undiscernible to the naked eye. One or rarely 
two of these may occasionally be traced upon a plate even beyond the middle of the ray. 
The armature of the adambulacral plates is remarkable. Each plate has a prominent 
and more or less acute angle projecting into the furrow: on this margin are borne about 
seven spinelets, three on each facet and one at the apex; all are short, compressed, ex- 
panded at the tip, and roundly truncate. The central one, or occasionally two, is placed 
with the compression at right angles to the direction of the ray, whilst the others usually 
have their compression in the same plane as the line of the facet to which they are attached. 
These spinelets decrease a little in length as they recede from the apical one, and when 
expanded over the furrow radiate slightly apart ; the arrangement of these spinelets per se 
might well be described as palmo-radiate, but that character as normally understood is 
modified considerably by the manner in which the other spinelets upon the plate are placed. 
