REPORT ON THE ASTEROIDEA. 349 
The armature of the adambulacral plates consists of four distinct series of spinelets. 
The innermost or furrow series consists of ten to twelve (normally ten) small, flattened, 
obtuse spinelets, which form a compact scoop-like comb, the middle spines being longest, 
and the outer ones very short; these spines are placed very high in the furrow, and each 
successive comb is separated from that on the neighbouring plate by a rather large 
forceps-shaped pedicellaria near the adoral end of the series. On the actinal surface of 
the plate is a series of four or five large robust, flat, obtuse spinelets, which stand close 
together, palisade-like, the series being more or less scoop-shaped owing to the shght 
curvature of the base line and the general rounding of the top of the series ; the spinelets 
may also have a slight individual curvature like front teeth. These are followed by a 
second series of four or five, and a third series of usually three spines, both series being 
similar in size and character to those above mentioned. On the outer part of the plate 
are often three or four irregular, prominent, subprismatic granules or incipient spinelets, 
irregularly placed. Near the extremity of the ray the outer series are less flattened, and 
may show irregularity in number and position, the number being less. Between the 
furrow series of spinelets and the first actinal series are a number of small flat oranules. 
The actinal intermediate plates are covered with a rather coarse uniform granulation, 
and bear small, short, subconical, prominent spinelets or papilliform granules. On the 
second and third series of plates, behind the adambulacral plates, these spinelets are 
placed in a line on the plate at right angles to the furrow, from three to five in each. 
On the plates next the adambulacral plates the same lineal arrangement is discernible, 
but it is more or less masked by grouping or doubling of the line. On the remaining 
plates, which are near the margin, the spines are one, two, or three together ; and the 
comparative propinquity of the groups leads to the inference that the intermediate 
plates are small there. It is impossible to make out any trace of the shape of the 
intermediate plates, the granular surface already mentioned forming a uniform level 
ground. On the intermediate areas of the disk, and at the base of the rays, very 
numerous valvate pedicellarie are present. These form lineal series between the lines 
of spines above described, but on the inner part of the area become more numerous and 
irregular. Their length is equal to the breadth of three or four granules, or even more. 
Near the adambulacral plates foraminal pedicellarize are present ; and these are more 
numerous along the ray beyond the base, and extend on the intermediate plates there, 
where the valvate pedicellarize are either absent or of very rare occurrence. Behind 
the mouth-plates there is some gibbosity on the actinal interradial area, and irregular 
spinelets are present. 
The armature of the mouth-plates consists entirely of a marginal series of mouth- 
" spines, which appear to be greatly enlarged representatives of the furrow series of spines 
on the adambulacral plates. 
The madreporiform body, which is very large and irregularly oval in form, is situated 
