1917] Shinji—Notes on Aphids 85 
as in alate form, 1.2 mm. long. Cauda, pale, longer than wide at 
base. 
Host plant: Thimbleberry. 
Locality: University of California campus, Berkeley, Calif. 
Date of collection: March 20, 1915. 
Male (alate): Alate, wing venation as in the alate viviparous 
female. General color, rosy. Body small, length, 1.6 mm., width 
of abdomen, .65mm. Head black or at least dusky, broader than 
long, length, .3 mm. between the eyes. Rostrum beyond the third 
coxa. Eyes black, large. Antenna black except lighter base of 
III. ‘Length of joints, III, 1.1 mm.; IV, .8 mm.; V, .7 mm.; VI, 
.3mm.; spur, 1.2mm. Sensoria on antennal joints distributed as 
follows: III, 5; 1V, 15; V,15. Cornicles, black, .6 mm.long. Style 
dusky, small. Mesathorax black, length, .6 mm. Metathorax, 
black. Abdomen cylindrical, not much inflated, rosy or light red. 
Anteroventrally to the cauda there is a pair of somewhat horny 
cercl. 
Host plant: Thimbleberry (Rubus parviflorus Nutt.). 
Locality: University of California campus, Berkeley, Calif. 
Date of collection: April 4, 1915. 
Norrs.—So far as my knowledge goes, N. rubi is one of the 
earliest male producers, the other being Myzus ribis. Although 
I have never studied the life history of this particular species, I 
had the opportunity of observing the emergence of stem-mothers 
from their eggs about the twentieth of February. The males were 
found only on the underside of already tinged leaves, while par- 
thenogenetic forms were infesting terminal shoots and green, tender 
leaves. Not a single specimen of oviparous female or of egg 
could be found on the same or nearby plants at the time when 
males were abundant. Although the male of this species can be 
distinguished from its sisters by smaller size, darker coloration, 
numerous antennal sensoria, presence of paired cerei, etc., the 
only character common to the males of all Aphids, it must be 
mentioned, is the presence of cerci. To illustrate, the males of 
Aphis pomi are alate, and lighter than the alate viviparous form. 
The males of Rhopalosiphum lactucae are as large as the alate 
viviparous females. Again, the males of Calaphis betuloecolens 
have the same number of antennal sensoria as the alate sisters. 
