184 Psyche [December 
dance, due to the worriment caused by the adult during the period 
of oviposition. 
The distribution of the nose fly was less known than the others 
until the work of the Bureau of Entomology on this pest was 
taken up three years ago. The common name which is generally 
used over the territory where it abounds and the scientific name of 
one of the other species (G. nasalis) has led to some confusion. It 
may be said that neither of these names are very appropriate as 
the eggs of G. hemorrhoidalis are laid on the lips and those of 
G. nasalis under the jaws. ‘The last named species has received 
the vernacular names of “chin fly” or “throat bot fly.” The em- 
ployment of the common name “‘nose fly” for the former species 
seems to be justified by usage among farmers and the name “throat — 
bot fly” is preferred for the latter on account of the egg-laying 
habits of the female and the habit of the larvee of this species of 
attaching occasionally at least in the cesophagus. 
The early history of the occurrence of this species in the United 
States seems to be clouded. Lugger, in his second Minnesota 
Report (p. 242), records it positively from that state. The actual 
specimen upon which the statement is based is not in existence, 
however, according to Prof. C. W. Howard. Some seem to have 
accredited the species to Kentucky, based on Professor Garman’s 
statements in the Kentucky Experiment Station Report of 1894, 
but he does not record the species from that state, and informs 
me he has never seen the fly there. 
During the summer of 1914 the writer made preliminary in- 
quiry into the distribution, history of spread, and the injuriousness 
of the nose fly in the north-central states, where it had been re- 
ported to the Bureau as a serious pest of horses. At that time the 
insect appeared to exist throughout the greater part of North and 
South Dakota, eastern Montana, and possibly to occur in limited 
numbers in western Minnesota. No effort was made to determine 
the exact limits of distribution. It is evident, however, that the 
species has been spreading southward and eastward, as shown by 
statements of numerous farmers more recently interrogated in dif- 
ferent sections. While there is some disparity the statements 
agreed remarkably well as to the time of first appearance in a given 
community. In 1914 it appeared that the fly had become es- 
tablished south of the center of South Dakota only within the 
