i8 



BRITISH FLOWERING PLANTS 



other cases, as in Peas and Beans (fig. 96) there 

 is no division. The carpels of the Pasony open 

 longitudinally (fig. 97). 



A capsule may open in different ways : 



(a) At the extremity, by valves or teeth (as in 

 the Pink) (fig. 98). 



tudinally along the lines of the capsules, and are 

 called schizocarps. Sometimes these split in two, 

 as in the Fennel, or Sycamore ; the latter divides 

 into two winged seeds (fig. 102), called keys (like 

 the single-winged seeds of the Ash-tree) or samaras. 

 In other plants the fruits split longitudinally into 



(b) By a lid, or pyxis, as in the Henbane four carpels, five carpels (the Geraniums), or a 



(fig- 99)- 



(c) By open pores, as in the Poppy (fig. 



100). 



(d) By longitudinal clefts, as in the Meadow 



Saffron (fig. 101). 

 Among indehiscent seeds some divide longi- 



larger number (the Mallows). 



Single indehiscent seeds are generally called 

 nuts, achenes, or grains. The pericarp or outer 

 integument is either woody or leathery, as in the 

 Hazel-nut (fig. 103) and acorn (fig. 104); or the 

 fruit is winged, as in the Elm (fig. 105) and Ash 



