INTRODUCTION 



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(fig. 106) ; or the pericarp is united with the palea, 

 or inner covering of the seed, as in the Grasses ; 

 or the ovary is inferior, and partly combined with 

 the nut (or achene as it is sometimes called), as 

 in the Dandelion. Not infrequently a seed or 



embedded in pulp. Such are Gooseberries and 

 Currants, and (botanically) even the fruit of such 

 exotic plants as Cucumbers and Melons. 



A drupe is a fruit in which the seed (one or 

 more) has a membranous or woody covering 



107 a 



seed-case bears at the extremity a bristle, called 

 an awn ; or a feathery appendage, called a pappus. 



In succulent fruits the outer covering or pericarp 

 is fleshy or juicy. 



A berry is a fruit enclosed in a leathery skin 

 (epicarp) and enclosing one or more seeds 



within the pulp. When the covering of the 

 seed is hard and woody, as in the Plum, Cherry, 

 and Walnut, the fruit is called a stone-fruit 

 (figs. 107 a, b, c) ; but the compound fruits of 

 the Strawberry and Raspberry are also ranked as 

 drupes. 



