INTRODUCTION 



to be observed in examining a plant. The shape of 



the base, tip, and margins have also to be considered. 



The base may be cordate (fig. 19), sagittate 



broken off (fig. 24), rounded (fig. 25),incised(fig. 26), 

 emarginate (fig. 27), obtuse (fig. 28), acute (fig. 29), 

 spinose (fig. 30), or pointed (fig. 31). 



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(fig. 20), hastate (fig. 21), attenuated (fig. 22), or 

 rounded (fig. 23). 



The apex of the leaf may be truncated, as if 



The margin of the leaf is entire when it is not 

 indented (fig. 32), serrated when it has small acute 

 indentations and projections (fig. 33), crenated 



