AMENTIFER.E 



131 



large blackberry ; and the leaves are of great 

 value for feeding silkworms. Among the Moracea 

 we also find the Fig, the Bread-fruit tree, the 

 India-rubber tree, the Banian tree, and other useful 

 or interesting plants. By some authors, however, 

 both the Cannabinacea and Moracea are included 

 in the Urticac 



Order LXXXVII. Ultnacece (1 genus) 



A small Order, represented in Britain by 

 two species only — the Elm and the Wych 

 Elm ( Ulmus campestris and U. glabra). The 

 flowers are bisexual, and the perianth is bell- 

 shaped, with from 4 to 6 teeth. The ovary is 

 2-celled, but rarely produces more than one seed, 

 which forms the centre of a winged nut. The 

 leaves are alternate and irregular, for the leaf-stalk 

 does not run straight through the middle, but 

 divides them into two unequal halves. 



The caterpillars of two important butterflies feed 

 on Elm: the Large Tortoiseshell {Vanessa Poly- 

 chloros) and the White Letter Hair-streak (Tlnrla 



IV - album). The caterpillar of the former is 

 greyish brown and spiny ; the butterfly is fulvous, 

 with black spots, and a marginal row of blue spots 

 on the hindwings only ; it measures nearly three 

 inches in expanse. The Hair-streak is a dark 

 brown, almost black, butterfly, measuring less than 

 an inch and a half across the wings ; on the hind- 

 wings is a short slender projection called a tail. 

 There is an orange spot near the hinder angle of 

 the hindwings above. Beneath, the hindwings have 

 a row of marginal black spots adjoining an orange 

 band ; and a very distinct white line crosses both 

 wings nearer to the base, and is sharply angulated 

 into a W on the hindwings. 



Order LXXXVIII. Amentifera (10 genera) 



This is an extensive Order, to which most of 

 our deciduous forest trees belong, and also a few 

 shrubs. The male flowers are always, and the 

 female flowers very frequently, agglomerated in 

 small clusters, mixed with scale-like bracts. In the 

 female flowers a perianth (cleft or entire) is some- 



