APPENDIX. 387 
Obs. This species constructs hillocks of 
earth, * 
Tue Fattow Ant, (black back,) 
(F. Rufa, Linn.) 
W.— Of a fallow red, smooth. Antenna, pos- 
terior part of the Head, back of the ¢horaz, 
superior margin of the scale, and abdomen, 
black. Three small ocelli. Scale, nearly 
oval. Length, three lines. 
F.— Colour of the worker. Scale, entire. -Ad- 
domen, short, swoln, red at its base. Supe- 
rior wings, smoky black. 
* I shall here add an observation, which I omitted to insert 
in the chapter on Architecture, which was communicated to me 
by the inhabitants of the Alps. 
Those little Yellow Ants, that are in possession of the 
pucerons or aphides, serve the purpose of a compass to the 
Mountaineers, when they are enshrouded in thick fogs, or have 
lost their way during the night. Their habitations, which are 
more common, and more elevated in mountains than elsewhere, 
take an oblong and almost regular shape. They lie in a 
direction east and west. Their summit, and the greatest slope, 
always faces the east: but they incline also on the opposite 
side. I have verified, upon thousands of these ant-hills, this 
observation of the shepherds. I found a trifling number of 
exceptions ; but only in those instances, where these hillocks 
had been deranged by men, or other animals. They do not 
preserve this form in the plains, where they are more exposed 
to such accidents. — A. 
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