112 THE PLUM CURCULIO. 
Taste LVIII.—Showing time required for transformations of the plum curculio from 
egg to adult. Individual records—Continued. 
Beatles emerging in specified Aver- 
FeSon) «| aurrehs ays from oviposition. Total age 
Localities. Dates of ovinostalevut: life | length 
s uals cycle. | of life 
66) 67 68/69) 70 71 72 73)74)\75 76 77\78 cycle. 
Days. | Days 
Barnesville Gass 2 -neeee eee Apr. 8-14, 1910...- 2 1} 1) 5,984 67.23 
DOs ee ee Nee Sere eee May 9-26, 1910.... é 2,327 45. 64 
DORs: cy sie Ow eae June 16-30, 1910... : 1,204, 44.59 
DO. Se ane ene eee July 1-39, 1910. ... -| 7,979) 45.06 
DOs 2cee Hee tees Aug. 7-17, 1910...-. = 3,511 49. 53 
Mortal! copaice, trees As ee ome 2 1 1) 20,995, 50.35 
oun oStowil Ne sere eae June 21-24, 1905... 0 | Bel esl Bes eel kee Pelee sels a)edlsetiac 498, 49.80 
North Bast eaesesoee-eecses June 13-14, 1906. -. P74 scl osl cle Sloe eclaal ee lealeeleaiee 832 43. 06 
WrashinatonyD) Cheeses see May 10-June 10,1905 eo es Pee) ( ( al PL Une oe eal | 1,220) 36.97 
sMiymiley Gace ase oe ceva May 7-16, 1906. ..-. DA es alice cll cil eves eset ee eee tore ete 1, 086 45. 25 
Doulas Michsss ses. =e eos June 24-July 6,1910 co} et UV et ee Pe eel elise Pole yf iese aye ais 
Grand)totallsse.e ete eee hee ene eeeee 597/17) 9) 8 ales 1} 2|..]..|..].-] 1) 1} 30,359) 49.85 
The several averages of time for complete transformations in the 
individual records show a range of from 36.97 to 67.23 days, the 
former from the insectary records of 1905 at Washington and the 
latter from Barnesville, Ga., in 1910. There is here a difference of 
30.26 days, but it should be borne in mind that the insectary records 
show a much shorter life-cycle period than normal, by reason of the 
high temperature under which the insects were reared. The average 
of all localities is 49.85 days, differing by only a fraction of a day from 
the average of 50.27 days already shown in Table LVILI. 
SEASONAL HISTORY. 
TIME OF APPEARANCE OF BEETLES IN SPRING. 
The curculio is roused from hibernation in spring by about the same 
temperature conditions required to bring into blossom the various 
deciduous fruits upon which it subsists. It is a matter of importance, 
however, to know just when the beetles first appear in orchards with 
reference to the condition of the trees; as whether before blossoming, 
during this period, or after the fruit has set. This question has a 
bearing on the time of making spray applications and of beginning 
other remedial work, as jarring. Little exact information on this 
point is to be found in literature. Dr. Tilton (loc. cit., p. 116), 
writing in 1804, remarks that— 
Early in the spring, about the time when the fruit trees are in blossom, the cur- 
culiones ascend in swarms from the earth, crawl up the trees, and as the several fruits 
advance they puncture the rind or skin with their pointed rostra, and deposit their 
embryos in the wounds thus inflicted. 
Mr. William Bartram, in a paper read in 1789, expressed the belief 
that the insects appeared when the fruit was half grown or younger, 
