SPRAYING PEACHES WITH ARSENICALS. 205 
taining 40 grains of sodium chlorid per gallon was used, the injury was very much 
increased, practically 50 per cent of the foliage being affected. 
(4) When applied with distilled water containing 10 grains of sodium carbonate per 
gallon, injury was noticeable 14 days after the first application, and 7 days after the 
third application the trees were almost completely defoliated. 
(5) Applied with distilled water containing 10 and 40 grains of sodium sulphate per 
gallon, some injury resulted, but this was not so marked as that produced in the 
presence of sodium chlorid. 
In similar experiments where lime was added at the rate of 4 pounds to 50 gallons, 
injury to the foliage was almost entirely prevented. 
In view of the above observations as to the possible importance of 
the water used in spraying, the Bureau of Entomology carried out 
spraying experiments in orchards in Georgia during 1910, employing 
9 well-known brands of arsenate of lead, using these in ordinary well 
water and also in rain water, which it was thought would be entirely 
free from sodium ehlorid and other salts. Three applications of the 
sprays were made, the milk of lime made from 2 pounds of good 
stone lime being added to the spray in each case. With all of the 
brands of arsenate of lead, the first two applications did no appre- 
ciable injury. The third application, given a month before ripening 
of the fruit, however, resulted in serious injury, which began to show 
after a rainy spell about a week after the applications. There 
appeared on the fruit brown sunken spots, which rapidly increased in 
size, causing the fruit to crack and drop to the ground until by picking 
time only 25 per cent still remained on the trees. This was barely fit 
for market purposes, having a dark red, almost black, appearance on 
the side exposed to the sun. These trees were 50 to 90 per cent 
defoliated. No difference in injury was to be detected from the use 
of rain water against ordinary well water. 
These same brands of lead arsenate were used on trees alongside 
in the self-boiled lime-sulphur wash of the formula: Sulphur, 8 
pounds; stone lime, 8 pounds; water to make 50 gallons. In these 
tests none of the fruit was burned enough to cause it to drop, all of it 
being merchantable. Some specimens, however, were so_ highly 
colored that they were placed in the second grade. About 20 per 
cent of the foliage on these lime-sulphur plats showed some injury, 
but none of it dropped. As regards the comparative injury from the 
different brands of arsenate of lead, very little difference could be 
detected, save in the case of one brand, which showed up about the 
same amount of injury as in the case of the other brands when applied 
in lime-sulphur wash. It was tested, however, on trees in another 
part of the orchard, as it was received too late to be included in the 
block where the balance of the lead arsenates were tried. 
In addition te tests of lead arsenates, certain other arsenicals were 
tried to determine their effect on the foliage and fruit. The toxicity 
of these arsenicals was at the same time being determined in the 
